Deeply integrated vulnerability and its evaluation framework provide a new perspective for the study of socio-ecological systems in metropolitan suburbs. A new vulnerability evaluation system of ‘exposure-sensitivity- adaptability’ based on the socio-ecological system and vulnerability theory was constructed. Meanwhile, drawing on the concept of ‘spatial trap’, the concept of ‘spatial vulnerability trap’ was tried to put forward. The spatial-temporal interaction characteristics were analyzed, the existence of spatial vulnerability trap was tested and the interaction mechanism of vulnerability dynamic evolution was revealed using spatial-temporal exploration analysis method and geographic detector for socio-ecological system vulnerability of 184 administrative villages in Qingpu District from the year 1998 to 2018. The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the socio-ecological systems vulnerability of Qingpu District increased from 0.518 to 0.621, and the vulnerability level increased from low grade to medium grade. The spatial-temporal pattern showed the dynamic characteristics of first increase and then decrease and high in the East and low in the west. (2) The relative length of the socio-ecological systems vulnerability temporal path movement in Qingpu District from 1998 to 2018 showed a trend of gradual decline from the central region to the surrounding area. The mobility curvature of the vulnerability time path was relatively small, showing the spatial pattern of low in the north and high in south, and the cohesion index of the spatial transition of vulnerability is 0.496. The spatial agglomeration structure had relatively high transfer activity and low path locking. (3) No ‘spatial vulnerability absolute trap’ was detected during the study period, yet the ‘spatial vulnerability relative trap’ highlighted in the 11 administrative villages mainly distributed around the administrative boundary in the north and south of the area. (4) Social capital factor, human capital factor, social factor, economic factor, ecological factor and financial capital factor are the main factors influencing the vulnerability change, but the influence of each factor showed fluctuation and type difference. The main interaction types of socio-ecological system vulnerability differentiation in urban suburbs are the cumulative type of internal and external coupling, the type of endogenous capacity constraint and the external environmental stress type. The results of the study are of great theoretical and practical significance to guide the suburban areas to prevent the vulnerability risk, promote regional coordination to reduce vulnerability and sustainable development.

The article uses a case study approach to investigate the mechanisms of ecological product value realization, and influencing factors. Specifically, we use a case analysis framework based on the “economy-society- natural ecology” perspective to analyze and compare the three batches of “Typical Cases of Ecological Product Value Realization” released by the Ministry of Natural Resources. We find: First, different modes of ecological product value realization exist. Different resource endowments, and institutional and environmental factors affect the selection of the value realization modes. Second, certain obstacles also exist for realizing ecological product value, which are mainly reflected in the fact that the articulation of the individual, society, and government is not yet sufficiently close. Third, to promote the development of regional eco-products’ mode and value conversion, the implementing party needs to guide the synergy between individual concepts, social participation, and governmental top-level design; rationally arrange the allocation of resource elements; mitigate elemental constraints; and propose effective technical means and optimization strategies according to the actual situation.

In this study, the relationship between environmental regulations and technological innovation efficiency is empirically examined via panel data from 33 iron and steel enterprises (ISs) in China between 2015 and 2021. The results show that the average “innovation compensation effect” of environmental regulations on the technological innovation efficiency of ISs exceeds the average “compliance cost effect”, thus resulting in a clearly positive net effect. Both the two-sided effects and the net effects vary across different years, geographical regions, and types of property rights. As the quantile of technological innovation efficiency increases, the positive influence of environmental regulations tends to increase. Furthermore, the strengthening of financing constraints and firm competitiveness enhances the positive impact of environmental regulations on the technological innovation efficiency of ISs. Additionally, a double-threshold effect of environmental regulations on the technological innovation efficiency of ISs is revealed in this study. The realisation of the Porter hypothesis occurs when financing constraints and firm competitiveness fall within specific threshold intervals. This research not only deepens our understanding of the relationship between environmental regulations and the technological innovation efficiency of ISs but also provides valuable policy insights for optimising environmental regulations to facilitate targeted improvements in the level of technological innovation efficiency.

Realizing comprehensive green transformation is the necessary path for high-quality and sustainable development in Qinghai Province. We constructed an indicator system for evaluating the green development in Qinghai from five dimensions: resource utilization, environmental protection, ecological protection, growth quality, and green life based on the national green development indicator system; and comprehensively used the entropy method, comprehensive index method, coupled coordination model, and obstacle degree model to evaluate the green development level of Qinghai from 1998 to 2022. The results showed four important points. (1) The green development comprehensive index of Qinghai increased gradually in the past 25 years, but there is still much room for improvement. (2) The focus of green development changed in the three evaluation stages. The focus in 1998-2004 and 2005-2011 was on improving the ecological environment, and in 2012-2022 the focus was on economic and industrial development and the improvement of residents’ living standards. (3) Since 2001, the coupling degree of the five dimensions of green development has maintained a high-level coupling stage, and the coordinated development degree entered a good coordination stage in 2021. (4) The key obstacles hindering the improvement of green development level shifted from growth quality to resource utilization and ecological protection. Therefore, improving the resource utilization level is the primary task for Qinghai to achieve high-quality green development. The study provides methodological support for green development evaluation, and suggestions for directing the formulation of green development policies in Qinghai Province.

Among cultural ecosystem services, aesthetic value is one of the most strongly related to humans. The scientific assessment of the aesthetic value of cultural ecosystem services plays a vital role in achieving the refined management of national park ecosystems. In the current study, Qianjiangyuan National Park in China was taken as an example, three typical types of aesthetic ecosystem services (AESs) were extracted, and an AES evaluation index system was constructed by combining the cultural attributes and landscape aesthetic value of national parks. Tourists’ value perception of AESs was analyzed based on 542 valid survey questionnaires, and the influences of various demographic characteristics were explored using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on this, the importance and overall level of various AESs in national parks were systematically evaluated using the entropy method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results reveal the following. (1) Tourists believe that national parks have natural, cultural, and social aesthetic service value. The value perception of physical and mental health services is the highest (2.44), while that of spiritual worship services is the lowest (1.86). (2) Different demographic characteristics have significant impacts on the value perception of aesthetic services. The greater the number of visits to the national park, the higher the tourists’ value perception of primitive wilderness, spiritual worship, folk culture, and human settlement services. Moreover, tourists visiting the national park for research purposes have the highest value perception of natural ASEs. (3) There are cognitive differences in the importance of various AESs: cultural aesthetic services (0.8473) > natural aesthetic services (0.7032) > social aesthetic services (0.5780). Moreover, tourists consider spiritual worship services to be the most important (0.3695). (4) The value perception evaluation of the AESs of the national park is generally high, with a comprehensive evaluation score of 4.11, among which the value of physical and mental health services is the highest (4.44) and that of folk culture aesthetic services is the lowest (3.79). The results of this study are helpful for further improving the management level of national park ecosystems.

This study takes the agricultural resource utilization efficiency of Gansu Province and its cities (prefectures) during 2008-2017 as the research object, evaluates the efficiency by using data envelopment analysis (DEA), mathematical statistics and literature research methods, selects 10 input indicators and 3 output indicators of agricultural production, and then calculates the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency of agricultural resources utilization in Gansu from 2008 to 2017, the redundancy of the input was analyzed by combining with the redundancy value, and projection analysis was applied to improve the input and allocation of agricultural resources. For the temporal characteristics of agricultural resource utilization efficiency in Gansu, the results show that the utilization efficiency is relatively low and fluctuates over time while gradually stabilizing, the comprehensive efficiency increased from 0.857 to 1, with values that were not 1 in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2015, showing a relatively ineffective utilization state, and the utilization efficiency had a hysteresis effect on the implementation of policies. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution characteristics indicate large regional differences in utilization efficiency among the cities and prefectures, all of the cities can be divided into four categories according to their different comprehensive efficiency levels: the best (1.00), the second best (0.98-1.00), the lower (0.90-0.98) and the lowest (<0.90), and the corresponding characteristic agricultural development regions were divided based on their actual situations; the redundancy of agricultural input factors still exists, especially in ecological factors such as climatic resources, agricultural fertilizer usage and agriculture practitioners; while the technical efficiency had obvious restrictions on the comprehensive efficiency. In summary, the input-output efficiency of agricultural resources in Gansu is relatively low overall, the unbalanced regional development of utilization efficiency is obvious, and agricultural development is greatly constrained by ecological and technical factors. Therefore, the key to improving this situation lies in the integration of agricultural support funds to develop agricultural facility construction, adjust the agricultural input and industrial structure, actively promote the application of science and technology, vigorously develop regional characteristic agriculture, and create ecological and civilization agriculture.

Clarifying the pattern of regional carbon balance and determining the carbon compensation standards of stakeholders are the keys to building a regional carbon compensation mechanism and promoting regional carbon neutrality. The land use area of the Xinjiang Tianshan World Natural Heritage Site in 1980, 2000, 2010, and 2020 was interpreted using remote sensing technology (RS) and geographic information system (GIS), and the net ecosystem productivity model was used to calculate the carbon sink of the forest, grassland, water area, and cultivated land ecosystem in the heritage site. The IPCC carbon emission factor method and carbon footprint method were used to calculate the tourism and animal husbandry carbon emissions, and the carbon sink evolution characteristics, carbon emission structure characteristics, and carbon budget pattern of the heritage sites were analyzed. Further, the carbon compensation for tourists in the heritage site was calculated using the carbon compensation coefficient correction model and the tourists’ willingness to pay method. The results demonstrated that (1) the carbon sinks of the heritage sites decreased from 1980 to 2020, with those of grassland, cultivated land, forest land, and wetland exhibiting different degrees of decline. (2) The whole heritage site had a carbon deficit of 8.67×10⁶ tCO₂. Tourism carbon emission was the main carbon source, accounting for more than 95%, whereas livestock carbon emissions accounted for only 4.12%. The carbon emission intensity of regional human activities exceeded its ecological carbon sink carrying capacity, and tourists were the main carbon compensators in heritage sites. (3) The theoretical compensation of tourists in the heritage site was 25.23 yuan p^-1 yr^-1, and the willingness to compensate was 14.78 yuan p^-1 yr^-1 (nonparametric estimation) and 5.93 yuan p^-1 yr^-1 (parametric estimation). Further, the standards for carbon compensation by tourists calculated using the two methods differed. Therefore, when formulating the carbon compensation standards for stakeholders, the responsibility weight of the compensation subject should be clarified, and the regional carbon balance and the willingness to pay of the compensation subject should be comprehensively considered. By adopting scientific and reasonable carbon compensation standards, carbon compensation mechanisms in the region can be effectively implemented.

Humanity’s struggle with floods has revolved around living near water bodies and attempting to prevent and control inundations. With the expected increase of floods in the future due to global climate change and acknowledging the rising uncertainty of weather phenomena, humans should learn to cope with natural floods. Gilbert F. White’s flood adjustment approach, which is used in floodplain management, can harmonize the relationship between humans and floods by regulating people’s development behavior in floodplains and adjusting the management of land use and the flood resistance standard of buildings in such areas so as to alleviate flood disasters and promote the coordinated development of the economy, society, and environment in these areas. The US, EU, France, and the Netherlands have formulated relevant policies and implemented practices under the guidance of White’s principles. In recent years, flood resilience theory and resilience planning have become the focus of flood management. However, flood adjustment still has some limitations, such as lack of independence, lack of comprehensiveness and systematization, limited application scenarios, unresolved contradiction with human survival and development needs, and an insufficient spatial scale, necessitating further research and verification. Cities in the floodplains of China should learn to harmoniously coexist with floods and thus achieve ecological environmental protection and sustainable development through flood adaptation planning of urban-rural integration.

Urban park green space effects a critical role in addressing adverse climate and uncertain disaster events. Thus, it is exceedingly significant for evaluating and analyzing the disaster prevention and resilience ability of urban parks and for enhancing their disaster prevention function. Using ArcGIS software, the study analyzed the kernel density pertaining to the spatial distribution of park green space in Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City. The results indicated that there is a spatial mismatch between park green space resources and population distribution in Haigang District. If Tanghe Park is considered as the research object, the Fuzzy Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are utilized to construct an evaluation index system, and 13 indexes from three dimensions, namely safety, accessibility, and infrastructure were evaluated to analyze the problems pertaining to the disaster-prevention resilience design of the park. Subsequently, the following corresponding strategies are proposed: optimizing the human-oriented spatial layout and building a nested disaster prevention network system; strengthening the park’s multi-disaster comprehensive defense capability and stabilizing the ecological security function; increasing the safe and effective escape area and enhancing the park’s functional space layout; and replenishing emergency infrastructure resources and establishing dynamic emergency management plans.

Different symbiotic scenarios were designed and combined with oyster shell pollution management cases in two different counties (labeled A and H in this study) using symbiosis theory and a game simulation model to investigate the conditions for realizing multiparty symbiosis in oyster shell pollution management. The results show that the primary condition for achieving a virtuous cycle of tripartite governance is active governance by the government. To realize such tripartite governance, it is necessary to reduce the cost of government regulation and change the government's concept and value orientation; to reduce the cost of social capital contracted for participation in governance to improve the sustainability of social capital in the case of governance participation; and the villagers’ public, as the destroyer of the environment and the beneficiary of governance, should change their traditional concept of governance. Changing the traditional concept of the villagers would improve the benefits that the villagers can obtain by participating in governance, and this should be supplemented with corresponding reward and punishment mechanisms to increase the cost of the villagers’ choice not to participate. If the conditions listed above are met, the system will enter a virtuous cycle of tripartite governance. Based on this, we hope to seek a sustainable and replicable oyster shell pollution management path through the experiences of oyster shell pollution management in both A County and H County, so that we can better promote the rural revitalization strategy and realize the construction of a beautiful China.

The meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE) industry and manufacturing industry have a complex interaction and coupling relationship, and the correct understanding and handling of the relationship between the industries is a prerequisite and foundation for high-quality regional development. Based on the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the article establishes the evaluation index system of the manufacturing and exhibition industries in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins and then analyzes the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in time and space based on the coupling coordination degree model. The results show that the correlation between the manufacturing and exhibition industries in each province (region) along the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins remained stable and the volatility increased linearly from 2011 to 2020, and the degree of coordination gradually increased from being on the verge of being out of tune to be well coordinated; spatially, indicating a development pattern of high in the east, low in the west, high in the south, and low in the north, and the provinces with a high level of coupled coordination are concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the development of manufacturing industry is generally better than the development of the exhibition industry. The government should play a leading role in guaranteeing the high-quality development of the exhibition and manufacturing industries. Second, the government should pay attention to the coordinated development of the region to realize the regional linkage of the integration of the two industries. Finally, the government should strengthen the internal connection of each province to recognize the linkage development of the industry within the region.

Territorial spatial evaluation and zoning management play a pivotal role in territorial spatial planning, which serves as a vital tool for facilitating coordinated regional development. This study focuses on 88 county units in Guizhou Province to establish a comprehensive functional zoning evaluation index system for national land space. The system integrates six aspects of national land space functions: agricultural production, industrial development, human settlement services, tourism services, mineral resource supply, and ecological services. Subsequently, the functional zoning of national land space in Guizhou Province was optimized and adjusted based on this evaluation. The findings reveal several key insights. First, there is significant variability in the evaluation of individual functions of Guizhou Province’s land space, with industrial development and tourism and leisure functions comprising the highest proportions at 30.68%. Second, driven by social and economic development, some counties and regions have undergone functional transformations, transitioning from primary agricultural production areas to key development zones. Third, except for three counties primarily focused on ecological service functions, all other counties and regions exhibit multi-cluster and multi-functional development patterns. This study provides decision support for the rational development and utilization of national land space in the karst mountains of Guizhou Province. Furthermore, the methodological approach and findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for the functional zoning and optimization of national land space.

Sports tourism plays a significant role in the revitalization of rural areas in China. This study analyzed survey responses from 406 rural residents and conducted surveys with 15 village leaders in the Dabie mountain region. The results showed that 85.71% of the rural residents believe that their family’s average income increased by about 19865.93 yuan because of the presence of sports tourism in the area. They also showed that the sports tourists engaged in 17 kinds of consumption activities within the local villages. Additionally, it seems that 86.39% of rural residents see potential benefits from sports tourism, and 85.71% of the residents’ household incomes were increased due to sports tourism. In that regard, the average household annual income increased by 4677.58 yuan, and the average annual income of the residents in the whole area increased by 449000 yuan. Despite the positive impact of sports tourism in generating income for rural residents and contributing to rural revitalization, the tourism industry faces challenges. These include a lack of sufficient market appeal, leading to a new “Matthew effect,” disparities in income distribution that conflict with the goals of rural revitalization, and a deviation from the intended developmental direction. Considering these findings, it is recommended to establish a sports tourism structure that aligns with local characteristics, incorporate sports tourism projects into the Chinese government's public service initiatives, safeguard rural incomes amidst sports tourism development, and strengthen the connection between sports tourism and rural revitalization.

The revitalization of rural culture serves as the driving force and intellectual backbone for the overall resurgence of rural areas. Guided by the core values of socialism, this study delves into the exploration of effective methods for the transformation of the agricultural cultural heritage of ethnic minorities. This endeavor is not only of immediate importance in achieving the revival of rural culture but also plays a crucial role in supporting the development of agricultural heritage industries and catalyzing entrepreneurship in returning to and establishing businesses in rural regions. This article adopts a broad perspective, analyzing the current development status of the agricultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang. Through a thorough examination, it dissects the opportunities and challenges encountered in the creative transformation of this cultural heritage and endeavors to uncover effective strategies within the broader context of the rural revitalization strategy. The findings of this study indicate that there are some problems in the agricultural cultural heritage of ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang Province, such as insufficient excavation, weak synergistic development of agricultural culture and industry, and low integration. It is essential to construct a comprehensive agricultural heritage system for each ethnic minority in Heilongjiang Province. Furthermore, a combination of diverse approaches must be employed to strengthen the inheritance and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage.

As China successfully won the tough battle against poverty, advancing common prosperity on all fronts has gradually become an important task in realizing Chinese modernization. The evaluation index system for common prosperity is constructed of four dimensions of “affluence, sharing, commonality, and sustainability”, and the Entropy weight-TOPSIS method, Theil index, and Multiscale geographically weighted regression are applied to analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution and influencing factors of common prosperity level in the Wuling Mountain area. The results show that the level of common prosperity in the Wuling Mountain area was low but slowly increased from 2011 to 2021. The spatial development pattern of common prosperity in the Wuling Mountain area shows an evolutionary trend of being “fast in the north and east, and slow in the south and west". The core counties have a positive spillover effect on the neighboring counties. The overall gap in the level of common prosperity in the Wuling Mountain area displays a trend of “weakly fluctuating and slightly declining”, with the main source of development differences within the Hunan region. Each factor shows various impact intensit on the level of common prosperity in the Wuling Mountain area and its fluctuation directions at different times. Among these factors, GDP per capita has the strongest impact and always plays a positive role. The conclusions of this study can provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for the less developed regions to effectively articulate rural revitalization and realize common prosperity.

As an effective way to transform the model of rural economic development and upgrade the industrial structure in the new era, the integration of agriculture and tourism can provide powerful support for expanding farmers' income sources and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. It is also an important path for promoting the rural economy and common prosperity of people. Based on 2008-2019 panel data covering 30 provinces and regions in China, the dynamic spatial Durbin model and threshold effect model are used to empirically analyse the effects and characteristics of the integrated development of agriculture and tourism on common prosperity. The results show the following: (1) The level of common prosperity and the integration of agriculture and tourism increased steadily during the study period and showed obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. (2) The level of common prosperity was affected by the previous state, showing strong path dependence and dynamic persistence. (3) The integrated development of agriculture and tourism had a significant direct effect and spillover effect on the level of common prosperity. The integrated development of agriculture and tourism in neighbouring areas also promoted an improvement in the common prosperity of the local region. The direct effect was the strongest in the central region, and the spillover effect was the largest in the eastern region. (4) The influence of the integration of agriculture and tourism on the level of common prosperity presented certain threshold characteristics, and there was a typical stage and economic environment dependence. Overall, with the improvement in the integration of agriculture and tourism and the economic development level, the impact of the integration of agriculture and tourism on common prosperity was enhanced, but this disequilibrium effect also had typical regional heterogeneity. The conclusions can provide useful implications for promoting the high-quality development of the integration of agriculture and tourism to better promote common prosperity.

This thesis examines the habitat characteristics of traditional villages in Chongqing and characterises the spatial distribution of these villages through ArcGIS from a macro perspective. In addition, the habitats characteristics and ecological value system of individual traditional villages are explored using typological research method and corresponding comprehensive protection strategies are deeply discussed. The research results show that these villages feature non-equilibrium aggregation, mainly concentrated in higher-altitude regions such as in the southeast, especially in the Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous Region. The landscape pattern of the overall human settlement area of traditional villages in Chongqing has the characteristics of “woodland-terrace-pond- house”, the spatial settlement pattern of “distribution around the terrace”, and the aquatic ecosystem model of “pond-terrace-pond” driven by the potential energy of altitude difference. By analyzing the landscape patterns of human settlements, the ecological value system is summarized. Finally, comprehensive protection strategies for these human settlements are presented, including ensuring the integrity of spatial patterns, respecting ecological laws, making full use of agricultural wisdom and strengthening ecological production symbiosis mechanism

The proliferation of new digital villages, exemplified by Taobao villages, is profoundly influencing production, livelihoods, urban-rural relations, and overall life within contemporary Chinese villages and catalyzing the process of new urbanization. This study comprehensively examines the intricate interplay among Taobao village, mobile Internet, and the paradigm of new urbanization. It contends that a Taobao village stands as a quintessential emblem of new urbanization, with grassroots entrepreneurs actively engaging in both domestic and global production and consumption networks facilitated by information technologies. This engagement effectively transcends traditional spatial constraints, thereby reshaping the status, scale, and functionality of villages. Moreover, Taobao village emerges as a pragmatic solution to the lingering challenges of conventional urbanization, uniquely positioned to guide China’s transition into the new stage of developmental and facilitate its rural revitalization strategy. Furthermore, employing panel data on 31 provinces and cities from 2013 to 2021, this study systematically investigates the through which Taobao villages influence the trajectory of new urbanization. The results reveal that Taobao villages directly and substantially help elevate urbanization levels. Furthermore, mobile Internet penetration mediates this influence. Intriguingly, the influence of Taobao villages on urbanization exhibits conspicuous regional disparities and spatial diffusion patterns. As such, efforts to enhance integration, interaction, and complementary synergies among regional Taobao villages should be contingent upon the specific contextual nuances and local conditions.

The Turpan region serves as a vital transportation hub along the Silk Road, facilitating economic and cultural exchanges between the East and West. Its distinct natural environment, rich historical culture, diverse customs, and delectable fruits have contributed to the development of abundant tourism resources. Statistics show that Turpan boasts 272 tourism resource units and 36 A-level scenic spots, offering significant potential and opportunities for the growth of its tourism industry. This study conducts a SWOT analysis of regional tourism in Turpan and provides an objective evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses. The appeal of visiting Turpan lies in its rich historical and cultural heritage, as well as its location in the Huozhou Turpan, known for the country’s highest temperatures and lowest altitude. Additionally, the myths and legends of Journey to the West add to its allure. The region is renowned for its diverse grape varieties and is referred to as the “vineyard of the world,” offering a distinctive tourism experience. However, there are also evident drawbacks to tourism in Turpan. The peak tourist season is limited to July-October, which restricts the development of year-round tourism. Additionally, the distance between scenic attractions is relatively long, and the supporting tourism infrastructure is limited, failing to meet the varied needs of tourists. Additionally, the competitiveness of the tourism industry has not been effectively enhanced by the low brand awareness and loyalty among consumers. In order to ensure sustainable tourism development in the Turpan area, various strategies and approaches must be employed to ensure the unique and diverse growth of regional tourism. This includes creating suitable marketing plans, building a fully functional three-dimensional service management scheme, and enhancing policy support and financial investments. The tourism industry in Turpan is poised to benefit from new opportunities, leading to sustained development and enhancement of its economic, cultural, and social values.

Existing studies of tourists’ behaviors of tourism destination focus on place attachment. Although tourists’ attachment is related to tourists’ emotional experiences at the attractions of a tourism destination (ATDs), the role that tourists’ attachment styles play in establishing their emotional experiences and behavioral intentions toward different ATD types have not been verified. This study used the Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village as a typical tourism destination to examine these effects. Based on research on attachment styles, emotional experiences, and behavioral intentions, a conceptual model of the relationships among tourists’ attachment styles, emotional experiences of, and behavioral intentions toward ATDs was constructed. The impact of tourists’ attachment styles between their emotional experiences of and behavioral intentions toward ATDs was then studied empirically. The impact pathways of tourist attachment styles on different ATD types were tested. The results indicate that tourists’ emotional experiences of ATDs had no significant or direct impacts on their behavioral intentions in terms of relationship closeness and diversive exploration. Both their emotional experiences of and their behavioral intentions toward ATDs were affected by the mediating effects of attachment anxiety and avoidance, which were full and partial, respectively. Further, the paths of the mediating effects of tourists’ attachment styles on the emotional experiences of and behavioral intentions toward different types of ATDs varied significantly. Tourists’ emotion-behavior paths when experiencing a TD were clarified, providing a theoretical basis to satisfy their real needs for experiencing ATDs.

Based on the attention restoration theory, this study focuses on rural tourists and utilizes questionnaire surveys to collect data. The research constructs a structural equation model to investigate the influence mechanisms among restorative environment perception, restorative experience, positive emotions, and experience quality. The study reveals that: (1) Restorative environment perception has a significant positive impact on the restorative experience and positive emotions of rural tourists. It serves as an important driving factor for improving the experience quality of rural tourists. (2) Restorative experience plays a significant mediating role between restorative environment perception and positive emotions. Restorative environment perception promotes the development of overall experience quality through the mediation of restorative experience and positive emotions. (3) Both the restorative experience and positive emotions independently mediate the relationship between restorative environment perception and experience quality, and they also play a chain-mediated role. Therefore, rural tourism destination managers should prioritize the restorative function of natural environments, improve the supply of high-quality products and services to enhance tourist restorative experience and positive emotions, and ultimately aim to continuously enhance the quality of tourist experience. This study has theoretical and practical implications for improving the tourism experience of rural tourists, optimizing the supply for rural tourism products, and promoting the high-quality development of rural tourism destinations.

Rural tourism is an important means of comprehensively promoting the rural revitalisation of industry and practising the concept of “two mountains theory”. Rural tourism transforms the resource advantages of rural areas into economic advantages, but its development entails problems such as the unfair distribution of benefits, unclear distribution mechanisms, and the non-standardised compensation of benefits. Therefore, finding a mode of governance of rural tourism that can effectively achieve sustainable development is an urgent issue that warrants attention. Taking Jukou Township in Fujian Province as a case, this study constructs a logical framework linking the Eco-bank model and rural tourism governance and reveals the practicality and sustainability of rural tourism governance under the Eco-bank model. The study shows the following. (1) As a kind of innovative mechanism for achieving the transformation of resource value through the participation of multiple subjects, the Eco-bank model solves the development dilemma of rural tourism through the integration of decentralised resource management rights, the establishment of property rights constraints and supervision mechanisms for the coordination of stakeholder interests, and the linkage and development of internal and external resources of the countryside. (2) Jukou Township has built a resource operation platform for “ancient house Eco-bank” based on ancient house resources and ecological tourism resources. The construction of a rural governance mechanism that combines village collectives, new township elites, villagers, high-end art operation units, and multiple institutional governance entities effectively converts idle ancient houses and high-quality ecological tourism resources into assets and funds to promote the development and growth of the rural collective economy while effectively promoting the stable and sustainable development of the cultural tourism industry in Jukou Township.

Scientifically mitigating the ecological risks in tourist destinations is an important foundation for the healthy and sustainable development of tourist destinations. In this study, we summarize the progress of ecological risk research in tourist destinations at home and abroad and the internal logic of ecological risk research in tourist destinations. Current research adhered to an internal framework encompassing the following stages: formation and analysis of ecological risks in tourism destinations, exposure characterization, effect exploration, risk assessment, and risk management. Specific research results were summarized in four aspects: the analysis of ecological risk sources, assessment of acceptors and endpoints, ecological risk assessment, perceptions of ecological risk, predictions and management of ecological risks within tourism destinations. Future research should prioritize fostering a harmonious relationship between humanity and natural environment, which necessitates strengthening the foundation of a multidisciplinary theory. Future research should focus on the formation mechanisms of ecological risks in tourist destinations, the mechanisms of interaction among ecological risk sources, receptors, and endpoints, ecological risk assessments of tourist destinations based on multiple risk sources, ecological risk assessments of typical tourism destinations and their key exposures, enhancing the ecological risk assessment index system for tourist destinations by incorporating data from various sources, conducting simulation studies to develop ecological risk warning systems for tourist destinations, exploring the spatiotemporal scale coupling relationships of ecological risks in tourist destinations, examining the perceptions and attitudes of different stakeholders towards ecological risks in tourist destinations, evaluating the cost-benefit of ecological risk adaptation, and performing prevention measures in tourist destinations.

A comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, and the entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the optimization level of the digital economy and tourism industry structure of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021. Moreover, models such as quantile regression and panel threshold are used to explore the influence of the digital economy (DIG) on the optimization of the tourism industry structure (TIS) as well as its transmission mechanism. The study reveals that DIG significantly promotes TIS, which remains valid after endogeneity and robustness tests; the impact of DIG on TIS exhibited a “U-shape” effect that first decreases and then increases, and its highest significance is at the 90% quartile level. Threshold model tests revealed a nonlinear threshold effect with DIG and tourism total factor productivity (TTFP) as a single threshold and tourism technological progress index (TECH) as a double threshold, and the second threshold has the largest effect of 0.163. Mechanism analysis found that the mediating impact of the DIG on the TIS was mediated by increasing the TTFP, and the TECH accounted for the highest proportion of 12.15%. Regional analysis revealed that the role of DIG on the TIS is Central>East>West>Northeast, and the empowering effect is more significant in the high digital economy level area and the high tourism industry structure optimization area.

Generative Artificial Intelligence technology embedded brings new opportunities and challenges for the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry. Using literature and other research methods, we constructed the element linkage and system of generative AI technology to drive the high-quality development of the ice and snow tourism industry and proposed the digital governance path. The results showed that: (1) The factor linkage of high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry with integrated basic structure and coupled central system of multi-factor linkage; multi-directional strategic objectives and synergistic triple benefits; and intelligent operation logic and precise matching of supply and demand has been constructed. (2) Based on the synergy of digital governance elements, a five-factor synergistic development system was built with digital talent elements, technological innovation elements, product innovation elements, data resource elements and channel innovation elements. (3) The synergy of elements provided digital governance path guidelines for the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry, digital governance system: precise supply of policies and regulations, and strengthening of soft and hard constraints to promote; digital governance structure: building a three-dimensional regulatory mechanism, and advancing the governance process of targeting; digital governance subject: driving the two-way reach of the governance subject, and strengthening the common governance of pluralistic subjects; digital governance capacity: precise allocation of governance resources, and driving the transformation and upgrading of elemental endowments. The results of this research can help to provide ideas and reference for the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry empowered by Generative Artificial Intelligence technology and improve the theoretical research on the high-quality development of ice and snow tourism industry.

In recent years, as a new first-tier city in China, Hefei has made great progress in the construction of urban landscapes, but there were also problems such as the unbalanced development of scenic spots and a need for more characteristics in landscape construction. To further improve the level of urban landscape construction and promote tourism development, we analyzed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of urban landscape construction as well as tourism development in Hefei based on the SWOT-AHP model, constructed a hierarchical analysis structure model, and proposed corresponding countermeasures for its sustainable development. The results show that the opportunities (0.4966) > strengths (0.3281) > weaknesses (0.1115) > threats (0.0638) of urban landscape construction and tourism development in Hefei. The most important opportunity was the development opportunity brought by the national macroeconomic policies; the most important strength was the strength of traffic location; the main weakness was that the ecological problem had not been resolved; and the main threat was that the early developed nearby scenic spots had obvious strengths. The four-quadrant coordinate method provided the strategic center of gravity coordinates P(x, y) = (0.1457, 0.2191) and the strategic strength coefficient ρ = 0.9368. It is concluded that future Hefei urban landscape construction and tourism development should adopt an active growth-type development strategy. Finally, based on these analysis results, we propose corresponding development strategies and suggestions to provide a reference for further promoting Hefei's urban landscape construction and high-quality development of the tourism industry.