| Number | Indicator | Type | Description of data | Source of original materials and data |
| 1 | Population | Historical records | The time resolution is ten years; the missing years can be estimated | General Records of Guangxi (Population Records) |
| 2 | Area of cropland | Historical records | Time node statistics based on historical records | General Annals of Guangxi (Annals of Agriculture); Agricultural Economic History of Guangxi |
| 3 | Forest coverage rate | Historical records; estimations in the literature | Estimation based on historical and literature records; reflects the general trend of the historical period | Forestry History of Guangxi (Peng et al., 2021) |
| 4 | Temperature anomaly index | Data reconstruction | Data reconstruction was carried out according to relevant literature records; data reflect the general trend of the historical period | Record of temperature anomaly events in Guangxi; historical temperature anomaly records in China |
| 5 | Frequency of war | Historical record | The time resolution is ten years, and frequency statistics are made according to historical records | General Annals of Guangxi; Major Events of Guangxi (Liu, 2007) |
| 6 | Grain per unit yield | Historical record | The time resolution is 50 years; and the data was calculated according to the total grain and cultivated land data; data reflect the general trend | General Annals of Guangxi (Annals of Grain) |
| 7 | Dry-wet index | Data reconstruction | Data reconstruction was carried out according to historical and literature records | Major Events of Guangxi (Hao et al., 2020) |
| 8 | Drought and flood events | Historical records | The time resolution is 50 years, and frequency statistics were made according to historical records and related documents | Major Events of Guangxi; General Annals of Guangxi (Tian et al., 2022; Wu et al., 2017) |
| 9 | Grain production | Historical records | Statistics were made according to literature records | General Annals of Guangxi (Annals of Grain) |
| 10 | Rocky desertification rate | Estimations in the literature | Statistical calculation based on historical records and related documents; data reflect the general trend of the historical period | Karst History of Guangxi (Chen et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2020) |
| 11 | Timber trade | Historical records; estimations in the literature | According to official historical data and literature records, uneven distribution time nodes were used for data statistics | Economic history of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Liang, 2008; Chen and Tang, 2021) |
| (II) From 1949 to 2020 |
| Number | Indicators | Source of data |
| 1 | Population | Guangxi Bureau of Statistics (www.stats.gov.cn/) |
| 2 | Area of cropland (ha) | Guangxi Bureau of Statistics |
| 3 | Forest coverage rate (%) | Guangxi Bureau of Statistics |
| 4 | Temperature (℃) | Statistical Yearbook of Guangxi (www.yearbookchina.com) |
| 5 | Amount of precipitation (mm) | Guangxi Meteorological Bureau (www.gxqxj.gov.cn) |
| 6 | Grain per unit yield (t ha-1) | Statistical Yearbook of Guangxi |
| 7 | Drought and flood events | China Flood and Drought Disaster Bulletin (Zhou et al., 2003) |
| 8 | Grain production (t) | Statistical Yearbook of Guangxi |
| 9 | Rocky desertification rate (%) | Bulletin of Rocky Desertification in Karst regions of China (https://www.forestry.gov.cn) |
