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Questionnaire items on bionic design features 5 4 3 2 1
Q2-1: The architectural forms in the rural environment are diverse and meet various functional and aesthetic needs
Q2-2: The visual effects of the architecture and landscape in rural design make residents feel comfortable and pleased
Q2-3: The architectural and landscape design in the rural environment mimics natural forms (e.g., mountains, trees, animals)
Q2-4: The integration of natural and modern materials in rural architecture enhances the overall aesthetic appeal and harmony
Q2-5: The architectural design in the rural environment meets the residents’ aesthetic standards and enhances comfort and visual enjoyment
Q2-6: The design in the rural environment extensively uses eco-friendly and sustainable materials (e.g., recycled wood, green building materials)
Q2-7: The design in the rural environment promotes social interaction among residents, such as through public spaces or activity areas
Q2-8: Open spaces in rural design (e.g., parks, squares) provide comfortable spaces for social interaction
Q2-9: Interactive elements in the rural design (e.g., smart guides, shared spaces) enhance the residents’ living experience
Q2-10: Rural design enhances the sense of community belonging among residents, making them feel like part of the community
Table 1 Questionnaire design for bionic design features
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