Landscape genes and destination image are important concepts in the traditional village tourist destination research. Clarifying their relationship is of great significance for understanding tourists’ behavioral characteristics at traditional village sites and promoting the sustainable development of traditional village tourism. This study analyzes the relationship between landscape genes and tourists’ image construction in Zhangguying Village. It uses a structural equation model to identify and extract traditional village landscape genes used in tourists’ image construction, based on the “cognitive-affective-overall” framework. The results show that: (1) Traditional village landscape genes play important but varying roles in tourists’ image construction. The “丰”-shaped zigzag structure architectural gene plays the most important role in tourists’ cognitive image construction followed by the filial piety and family style cultural gene and the “回”-shaped courtyard layout gene. The “dragon”-shaped mountain layout environmental gene has the least important role. (2) The mediation effect analysis reveals that tourists’ cognitive images mediate the relationship between landscape genes and overall image construction, while cognitive and affective images mediate the relationship between landscape genes and overall images. (3) The multicluster analysis reveals that the results significantly differ according to tourists’ gender, age, number of trips, and place of permanent residence. The findings enrich the traditional village landscape image research and promote the sustainable development of traditional village tourism through the practices of cultural landscape protection and inheritance.

The research on the daily living space of residents in rural tourist destinations focuses on the spatial change and functional transformation at the regional level; however, it dedicates insufficient attention to the daily behavior and emotional changes of “individuals” in the human-land relationship. This study proposes the analysis framework of residents’ daily living space constructed by a material-behavioral-emotional ternary space, and expands the application of the cognitive map from the large scale urban-structure spatial image to the small-scale daily living space of rural residents; thus, it aims to enhance the visualization and effectiveness of the research. The study observed the following: (1) In the cognitive map, for the residents’ of Naobao Village, the cognition pertaining to the material space changes of their daily life has shifted from road-oriented to area-oriented; In the behavioral space, the residential space has shifted from scattered to focused, the employment space has shifted from the “circular focus + extended sector” structure to the “circular focus” structure, the consumption space has shifted from explicit space to implicit space, and the leisure space has shifted from the “point set” mode to “circle layer” mode. In the emotional space, the pattern of “one ring, one network and four centers” has shifted to the “single ring type” pattern. (2) Based on the findings of the interviews, natural conditions, policies, and institutions, self-organizations and other organizations jointly form the “driving system-pattern evolution-spatial representation” driving mechanism, which promotes the evolution of the daily living space of Naobao Village. This research provides relevant reference for the construction and development of residents’ living space in the development of rural tourism; meanwhile, it also attempts to analyze the change pertaining to residents’ living space form and spatial cognition using a new method.

Promoting rural tourism development is an important way to achieve rural revitalisation and common prosperity. Tourists are facilitators and participants of rural tourism, whose participation in value co-creation is of great significance. However, previous research on tourists' value co-creation behaviors mostly explored the linear relationship between variables, with the complex mechanisms being insufficiently examined. Based on complexity theory, this study created a theoretical framework, where destination support (information support, emotional support), personal psychological driving forces (self-efficacy, outcome expectation) and destination emotion (place identity, destination trust) are treated as condition variables and the value co-creation behaviors of rural tourists as outcome variable, and empirical tests were carried out using a survey questionnaire with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) analysis being employed. It finds that none of the six conditional variables can constitute a sufficiently necessary condition for tourists’ value co-creation behavior; Six conditional variables together generate 64 path combinations, resulting in five paths that drive tourist participation in value co-creation behavior through three modes. These modes include perceived outcome value-driven, people-place emotional connection and people-place-environment integration driven. Among them, emotional support plays a significant role in influencing tourist value co-creation behavior. The study expands the research on value co-creation behavior, revealing the complex mechanisms of tourists value co-creation behaviors and provides a theoretical basis for promoting tourists’ engagement in value co-creation behavior that enhance the tourist experience and promote rural tourism high-quality development.

The integrated and synergistic development of the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is a major national strategy for China to maintain complementary advantages and mutual benefits. The integrated development strategy offers opportunities and challenges for Bed and Breakfasts (B&Bs) in guest sharing, resource sharing, competition and cooperation, branding, and industrial upgrading. Therefore, optimizing resource allocation, enhancing user experience, and assisting in urban planning become particularly crucial for B&Bs development. Therefore, this study utilized the theoretical nearest neighbor distance and Kernel Density Estimation to explore the distribution of B&Bs in the BTH region, and utilized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) thematic model and regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors from both government and market perspectives and the extent of their influence. The results indicated that significant aggregation characteristics and spatial variability exists in the factors influencing the distribution of B&Bs. All nine factors analyzed based on LDA exerted a significant effect on the distribution of B&Bs, of which the significance of ice and snow activities was at a critical value, mainly because they were limited by specific geographic requirements. Therefore we proposed the following: B&Bs should develop boutique rural B&Bs and community B&Bs around local cultural and tourism characteristics and realize the differentiated and innovative development of the shared B&B industry.

Under the strategy of rural revitalization, it is urgent to analyze the performance mechanism of rural guesthouse entrepreneurship. This paper has constructed a theoretical model of the relationship among place identity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance of rural guesthouses, collected 355 sample data of guesthouse entrepreneurship in Beijing, and used Mplus software to empirically verify the theoretical model through path analysis and mediation effect test. The results show that place identity has a positive effect on guesthouse entrepreneurial performance, which is significantly and positively influenced by entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between place identity and entrepreneurial performance. This study has provided a theoretical basis for improving the entrepreneurial performance of guesthouses against the backdrop of rural revitalization, with certain practical significance for management.