Rough tourism growth does not promote dual-carbon goals nor the implementation of a comprehensive saving strategy. Accordingly, the booming development of the digital economy in recent years has provided new momentum for structural upgrades and green growth in the tourism industry. This study aims to test the impact and mechanism of developments in the digital economy on the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of the tourism industry. Using provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, this study quantifies the GIE of the tourism industry using the Super-SBM model of unexpected output. In this study, the digital economy development index was measured using principal component analysis and empirically analyzed using a two-way fixed effects regression model. The results of the study revealed that the development of the digital economy has promoted in large part the improvement of Chinese tourism GIE; the enhancement effect of the digital economy development on the eastern region is more noticeable than that of central and western regions; the digital economy can promote the enhancement of Chinese tourism GIE by promoting innovation in green technology and upgrades to industrial structure. Moreover, a distinct threshold in the promotion of tourism GIE by the digital economy exists, corresponding to a nonlinear diminishing marginal product. This study provides a new perspective for assessing the impact of the digital economy on the development of tourism GIE. Moreover, it provides a policy reference for exploring the path of tourism GIE and realizing high-quality development.

This study introduces a novel framework to dissect and understand tourists' cultural perceptions within river basins. The framework consists of two complementary parts: first, it develops a multi-dimensional system to identify cultural perceptions through textual analysis; second, it uses advanced methods like deep learning and spatial clustering to analyze and compare these perceptions across different cities and regions. The findings from the Yellow River Basin reveal six key dimensions of cultural perception: historical, architectural, folklore, food, religious, and leisure. The basin exhibits three distinct cultural patterns: an upstream polycentric network, a central ‘cultural circle’ around Xi’an, and a city-to-city pattern downstream. Furthermore, the basin is categorized into ten unique cultural perception regions, each highlighting diverse tourist perceptions. This framework not only offers a methodological beacon for future regional tourism studies but also equips managers with strategic insights to enhance the quality and cooperation in river basin tourism development.

This study employs the comprehensive index method and the coefficient of variation method to explore the integration mechanism of regional culture and tourism. It measures the integration development degree of culture and tourism subsystems in 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province. Additionally, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used to investigate the integration mechanism. The results indicate the following: From 2012 to 2021, the comprehensive index, integration degree, and integration development degree of cultural subsystems in the 16 prefecture-level cities in Anhui Province exhibited noticeable periodic changes. Between 2015 and 2019, the growth rate in eastern prefecture-level cities was significantly faster than that in central and western cities. In 2019, all regions—eastern, central, and western—experienced a downward trend, and the spatial difference in recovery growth in 2020 was minimal. Within the cultural and tourism integration system, the industry foundation and activity scale of the cultural subsystem are interdependent, while the industry foundation of the tourism subsystem results from the market scale. The central factors are primarily focused on the industrial base and the activity or market scale of the criterion layer of both subsystems. Conversely, the economic contribution of the criterion layer of the two subsystems has a minimal impact on centrality.

Rural tourism serves as a catalyst for rural revitalization and plays an important role in poverty alleviation in Inner Mongolia. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of key villages and star-rated rural (pastoral) households in Inner Mongolia as rural tourism destinations, clarifies their distribution patterns, and contributes to the development of rural tourism in Inner Mongolia. By selecting rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia, importing the coordinate points obtained from Baidu Map API into Arc GIS 10.8, and using indices such as the nearest neighbor index, location quotient, kernel density analysis, the geographic concentration index, and the geographic correlation ratio for quantitative analysis, this study explores the distribution patterns and identifies the driving factors influencing the distribution of rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia using geographic detectors. The results are：(1) Rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia exhibit agglomerated distribution in space, with uneven distribution among different leagues and cities. (2) The spatial density of rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia shows the characteristics of “a single core center, with decreasing density toward the periphery, and dispersed secondary cores, and dispersed secondary cores.” The actual geographic concentration index G is 30.23, while the distribution index G₀ under uniform conditions is 29.14. Since G is greater than G₀, a certain degree of agglomeration exists in the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia, but the overall degree of agglomeration is not strong. (3) Tourism infrastructure, economic development, tourism potential, and natural factors collectively influence the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations in Inner Mongolia. Among them, economic development, tourism potential, and tourism infrastructure have significant impacts on the distribution of key villages. In terms of subsystems, the number of A-level scenic resources has the highest explanatory power (q=0.848), followed by the number of tourists received (q=0.788), employment in the tertiary industry (q=0.687), and the resident population (q=0.603), which are the main factors influencing the spatial differentiation of rural tourism destinations.

The integration of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and tourism is a vital component of the holistic development of culture and tourism. This study examines the spatial distribution characteristics and tourism integration development models of Hulunbuir City through a spatial geography lens, employing nearest neighbor index and kernel density analysis. The results indicate the following: (1) Arts and crafts, as well as performing arts ICH resources, play a dominant role and are of a higher level, exhibiting a distinct agglomeration pattern centered around the main core area, sub-core area, and marginal area, which reflect the current distribution status. (2) Based on these findings, a spatial integration and optimization model is proposed, initially centered on the core area of ICH resources. Subsequently, a characteristic resource culture and tourism integration model is developed from three perspectives: resource-driven penetrative integration, product-driven restructured integration, and market-driven extension integration. (3) This study argues that the dynamic system driving the integrated development of ICH and tourism consists of three key subsystems: thrust, tension, and support. Their interactions constitute the dynamic mechanism underlying integrated development. Ultimately, this study provides a rational framework for the preservation and utilization of cultural heritage, thereby broadening the scope of cultural heritage studies.

Taking Shanghai as an example, this study obtained the online travel notes data from Xiaohongshu and Qunar in the past 10 years to construct the Shanghai tourist flow network (STFN) and used the methods of change point detection (CPD) and complex network analysis (CNA) to reveal the spatial structure characteristics of Shanghai tourism flow and the dynamic evolution process of STFN. The results showed that: (1) In the past 10 years, Shanghai tourist market had experienced a process of evolution from stable and orderly to short-term fluctuation and then gradual recovery, and the year of 2019 was the turning point of tourist flow network evolution. (2) The small-world and approximate scale-free characteristics of STFN were verified, and the network changed from disassortative to temporary assortative, showing a development trend of external expansion and internal separation. (3) While the centrality indicators of tourist flow network remained stable as a whole, the attention to cultural nodes was also increasing with the emergence of new nodes; (4) In terms of spatial connection, new popular nodes emerged and the relationship between them and the surrounding nodes was strengthened; (5) The spatial pattern of tourist flow network presented an inverted “V” shape and gradually expanded to southwest and southeast, forming a network with core nodes as the center and radiating outward. At the same time, newly emerging nodes at the periphery had formed relatively independent clusters.

This paper explores the pathway toward harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature through the lens of ecotourism, delving into its impact on tourists’ cognition of the natural environment, cultivation of emotional connections, and its pivotal role in shaping environmentally responsible behavior. At the Luya Mountain Scenic Area, a case study was conducted in July 2021, collecting 632 valid tourist questionnaires to investigate the nexus among “ecotourism experience”, “emotional experience”, and “environmental responsibility behavior” using structural equation modeling. Moreover, the relationship between tourism and daily environmental behavior was scrutinized with canonical correlation analysis. The findings unveil several substantial revelations: (1) Engagement experience significantly and positively influences tourists’ inclination toward responsible behavior. (2) Emotional experience mediates the relationship between educational, engagement, and escapism experiences and the inclination to act responsibly. (3) The utilization of digital information technologies positively moderates the conversion of emotional experience into a willingness to behave responsibly. (4) Ecotourism responsibility is linked to daily behavior, and cognitive and emotional experiences foster long-term environmental protection. This study provides a pioneering approach to enhancing tourism offerings within the scenic area and nurturing a sustainable human-environment relationship.

Based on the theories of sustainable tourism development, tourism lifecycle, and stakeholder theory, and guided by the “production-living-ecological space” concept, this study refines and supplements the research established by relevant scholars to construct a structural equation model focusing on production, living, ecology, and residents’ attitudes towards the development of mountain outdoor tourism. The purpose of the study is to promote the participation and support of residents in tourist areas in the development of outdoor tourism, which holds certain significance in advancing rural revitalization and sustainable development in the region. Through analyzing the data gathered primarily from residents of Siguniang Mountain Town using SPSS and SmartPLS data analysis software, this research reveals following conclusions: (1) There is a significant interaction between “production, living, and ecological space”, with living spaces having the most notable impact on the relationship with ecological spaces; (2) Perception of production has a marked impact on both living perception and ecological perception; (3) The lifestyle and ecological concepts of residents have a significant impact on their attitudes towards the development of mountain outdoor tourism. The results of this study will contribute to further exploration of mountain outdoor tourism and residents' attitudes, providing reference for local management and tourism development.

Based on data from Beijing museums spanning 1980 to 2020, this study employs spatial analysis methods such as geographical concentration index, imbalance index, kernel density and standard deviation ellipse characterize the temporal and spatial evolution of Beijing museums and analyze their influencing factors. The research shows that the museum development in Beijing has undergone three stages: a slow start, high-speed development and high-quality upgrading. The development of cultural relics and industrial museums tends towards balance, and the market-oriented development of museums continues to improve. The “single core” concentration distribution of Beijing museums is prominent, showing a typical “center edge” distribution with a trend of new core formation during expansion. Temporally, Beijing museums exhibit an inverted “L” evolution pattern, trending from north to east with Haidian and Chaoyang districts poised to become new centers. Distribution across intervals is uneven, yet the overall pattern is evolving towards a balanced distribution. The research on factors influencing the spatial distribution of museums, including population, resources, economy, and transportation, innovatively introduces educational factors. It shows that Beijing museums are transforming from “population driven” and “resource driven” to “education driven” over time.

Based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF), the Sustainable Livelihood Framework of Yujiale fishing tourism farmers was developed. Starting from the perspective of farmers, grounded theory was used to excavate the specific forms of information capital that were represented. Subsequently, the quantitative analysis method was used to quantify the livelihood capital of farmers from six dimensions: natural, physical, financial, human, social and information capital. Finally, Geodetector methods were adopted to explore the factors influencing the information capital level. The results show that the weight and value of information capital are high, which is an important factor that cannot be ignored. In addition, the educational age structure and economic income ability are important factors affecting the level of information capital. This study provides theoretical support for pinpointing the intrinsic value of information capital in the livelihood capital structure of farmers, and for comprehensively interpreting the livelihood level of farmers in the rural tourism destination of Changdao of China.

Awe, as a positive emotional experience, is recognized for its role in facilitating tourists’ pro-environmental behavior (TPEB). However, despite its significance, awe has received minimal attention in tourism-related research. This research introduces an expanded model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) that integrates awe into the rational-oriented TPB framework to examine its impact on TPEB. We collected data at the Mount Huangshan scenic spot in China and employed structural equation modeling for data analysis. Findings suggest that the extended TPB model, which incorporates the emotion of awe, outperforms the original TPB model in predicting TPEB. Awe experienced in nature-based destinations is mainly influenced by the perception of the natural environment (PNE) and significantly predicts TPEB. Study findings offer an integrated framework combining emotional and rational perspectives to understand the factors driving TPEB in nature-based tourism. Furthermore, the study aims to establish connections between the psychological experience of awe and the philosophical perspective of the sublime. Importantly, our findings provide compelling evidence supporting the role of nature-based tourism as an effective model to facilitate tourists’ environmental attitudes, emotions, and behaviors. Finally, the implications for practice are discussed.

In the mass tourism era, the rising demand for personalized and high-quality experiences necessitates a distinct urban tourism image. This study examined tourists’ perceptions of Harbin during non-ice and snow seasons using network text analysis within the “cognitive-emotional-overall” framework and a ROST content mining tool. Our analysis of travelogues revealed that Harbin is seen as an exotic, culturally rich destination, yet tourists have limited awareness of its natural resources. While overall emotional responses from tourists were positive, facilities and services received some criticism. The views of tourists were primarily focused on popular urban sites, highlighting the need for diversification. This study contributes to the theoretical discussion on the formation of the city’s tourism image and suggests strategies that will allow Harbin to transition from a season-specific tourism model to a year-round tourism model, thereby enhancing its four-season destination brand in terms of infrastructure, industry innovation and market management.

Tourism-related plastic waste poses a significant threat to ecosystems worldwide, underscoring the need for effective tools for measuring its generation and informing decision-making and management. This paper introduces the concept of the tourist plastic footprint through a conceptual framework analysis and proposes a measurement methodology that uses a time-geography approach. Empirical data were collected from Fragrant Hills Park in Beijing and analyzed using statistical methods. The findings reveal that the plastic footprint of tourists at Fragrant Hills Park averages 10.04±0.32 items per capita per day. The waste consists of 27 distinct components, with the key contributors including plastic garbage bags (17.12%), plastic food packaging (12.48%), and tableware packaging (9.96%). Plastic garbage bags are predominantly discarded in hotel settings, while tableware packaging is primarily disposed of in restaurants outside the scenic area. Plastic food packaging is discarded in various locations, including the scenic area, transportation hubs, and hotels. This study enhances the tourism ecological footprint literature by providing deeper insights into the plastic consumption of tourists and offering a structured framework for quantifying plastic waste. For practical application, it offers valuable guidance for decision-makers in tourist destinations who aim to improve their plastic pollution control measures.

Against the backdrop of rapid tourism development, the imbalanced distribution of conflicting interests among community residents in tourist destinations has become a focus of attention. As core stakeholders of tourist destinations, community residents play an indispensable role in creating a “hospitable atmosphere”. Community residents’ participation in tourism development is vital for promoting sustainable development. Environmental justice theory emphasizes the fairness of resource allocation and participation in negotiations, and it has developed into an essential issue for the sustainable development of tourist destinations. This study took Skula Town in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as a case study to explore the participation behavior of residents in ethnic tourism communities in the development of tourist destinations. Based on grounded theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), a complex causal model of high participation behavior of the residents in ethnic tourism communities was constructed to reveal the multiple influencing factors and their interrelationships from the environmental justice perspective. Nineteen complex combination paths were identified that can promote the high participation behavior of community residents, which verified the diversity and complexity of the conditions behind the high participation behavior of residents in ethnic tourism communities. The results show that fair resource allocation, effective environmental protection measures, and residents’ recognition of tourism development are the key factors driving high participation behavior. This study reveals the complex relationships between multiple factors that influence participation behavior from the perspective of environmental justice, with the aim of deepening our understanding of residents in ethnic tourism communities’ participation in tourism development and providing a reference for the sustainable development of local tourism and the stable development of society.

Developing the rural homestay industry is beneficial for poverty reduction in rural areas and its sustainable development is closely related to the continuous operation intention of rural homestay entrepreneurs. Based on a first-hand questionnaire survey data for 368 rural homestay entrepreneurs, methods such as factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and the mediation effect test were used to explore the impact of entrepreneurial motivation on the continuous operation intention of rural homestay entrepreneurs and its internal mechanism. The results indicate that entrepreneurial motivation has a significant positive impact on rural homestay entrepreneurs’ continuous operation intention. Community relations and entrepreneurial performance perception not only have simple mediating effects, but they also play a serial role in mediating the above relationship. This study provides a systematic theoretical framework for understanding and improving the continuous operation intention of rural homestay entrepreneurs, which can assist in ending the poverty dimension of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to some extent.

Within the domain of homestays, it is imperative to prioritize the augmentation of hosts' pivotal role and the facilitation of pro-environmental behavior among tourists as essential strategies for promoting the sustainability of homestay accommodations. This research utilizes homestays in Pingtan Island as a specific example and employs a survey methodology to collect data. Additionally, a structural equation model is utilized to analyze the causal relationship between situational factors within homestays and the pro-environmental behavior of tourists, specifically within the context of host-guest interaction. The results of the study indicate that there is a favorable correlation between environmental quality and the interaction between hosts and guests, and visitors' pro-environmental behaviors. Furthermore, it is worth noting that situational circumstances play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of host-guest interaction. This, in turn, serves as a mediator for the influence of situational factors on tourists' pro-environmental behavior. Based on the aforementioned findings, the present study proceeds to examine the pragmatic ramifications of the research and provides recommendations for prospective areas of investigation.

Sichuan Province has abundant leisure sports resources. An evaluation of the competitiveness of its leisure sports resources can provide a scientific basis for the selection and development of leisure sports industry clusters in Sichuan Province. In addition, a competitiveness evaluation index system for leisure sports resources was constructed to assess the competitiveness of leisure sports resources for 21 regions in Sichuan Province. The results showed significant differences among the 21 regions, and they could be divided into three levels. Specifically, the first level included the seven regions of Chengdu, Leshan, Yibin, Mianyang, Zigong, Aba and Luzhou; the second level included the 11 regions of Ya’an, Guangyuan, Ganzi, Neijiang, Deyang, Guang’an, Liangshan, Nanchong，Panzhihua, Bazhong and Dazhou; and the third level included Meishan, Suining and Ziyang. In view of the resource conditions, environmental conditions, and development conditions, Chengdu, Leshan, Yibin, Mianyang, and Zigong were chosen as the most suitable areas for leisure sports industry clusters in Sichuan Province. Furthermore, suggestions for these five potential leisure sports industry clusters were proposed to promote the high-quality development of the sports industry in Sichuan Province.

The royal gardens in Beijing are numerous in quantity, diverse in type and remarkable in features, embodying profound cultural connotations and precious heritage values. This study was guided by Chinese leaders’ important speeches on the inheritance of excellent traditional Chinese cultural genes and the theory of Cultural Gene. It sorted out the presentation forms of cultural heritage resources of Beijing Royal Gardens (BRGs), and then identified and extracted the cultural genes of BRGs. In the extraction of cultural genes, resources are divided into two categories based on their perceptibility: material cultural genes and intangible cultural genes. The material cultural genes are mainly reflected in tangible elements such as architectural style, landscape layout, and plant configuration of gardens, which together constitute the unique style of the BRGs. The intangible cultural genes are more reflected in the historical stories, cultural connotations, aesthetic concepts, and other intangible elements carried by gardens, which endow gardens with deeper spiritual values. Furthermore, based on the importance and stability of genes, the extracted cultural genes are divided into four types: core genes, attachment genes, mixed genes, and mutant genes. Core genes are the essence of the BRGs, with high stability and inheritability; Attachment genes are related elements derived around the core genes, which are equally important although not core; Mixed genes are the result of the integration of multiple cultural elements, reflecting the diversity and inclusiveness of culture; Mutant genes are cultural innovations that have emerged during the historical development process, injecting new vitality into the BRGs. Finally, corresponding inheritance strategies were proposed for different types of cultural genes. Core genes: Adhere to essence and strengthen core values; Attachment genes: innovative inheritance, optimizing the supply of derivatives; Mixed genes: overall protection, achieving collective prosperity; Mutant genes: selected identification, optimal fusion and development.

COVID-19 has tremendously impacted the travel habits of urban residents. This study used the “node- line segment-network” hierarchy and Baidu migration big data to conduct a comparative analysis of the travel network patterns of urban people on China’s National Day holiday before and during the COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., 2019 and 2021). The results revealed four interesting patterns: (1) In 2021, there was an increase in the aggregation coefficient and access to the intra-provincial linkage network, indicating a higher degree of the travel agglomeration of residents under the pandemic. (2) In 2021, the “hub-and-spoke” pattern on the national scale, the “core-edge” pattern of the intra-provincial scale and the “rhomboidal” structure of the extra-provincial scale were more contracted, aggregated, and low-value. (3) The coverage of the urban advantageous association decreased while the total numbers of urban clusters and single provincial clusters increased, reaching 25 and 16, respectively. This indicates that the pandemic intensified the effect of administrative boundaries as a barrier. (4) The primary determinants of movement during the pandemic were urban competition, policy control, administrative boundary barriers, and the travel intentions of residents.

Tourism scenic spots serve as direct attractions for tourists and crucial drivers for the transformation and upgrading of the tourism industry, so they play an irreplaceable role in the development of the tourism sector. The quantity and grades of A-grade scenic spots are the mainstay of competition in various tourism markets, and their spatial layout is very important for the development of regional tourism. Using 11970 A-grade scenic spots in China as the research sample, and methods such as the Nearest Neighbor Index Method, Kernel Density Estimation Method, and Grid Dimension Method, the spatial distribution, typological structure, and influencing factors of A-grade tourist attractions were analyzed to identify the main natural, economic, and social factors influencing the spatiotemporal pattern of A-grade scenic spots. The results indicated that China’s A-grade scenic spots exhibit clustering characteristics in their spatial distribution. The kernel density center shows a spatial pattern of “multiple cores, with secondary cores surrounding, and a gradual decrease”. The spatial structure is fractal and complex, with significant regional differences and a notable scale-free range. The types of tourist destinations and products exhibit distinct regional features, with a higher concentration of scenic spots in the regions in South China and East China, which are characterized by favorable natural and economic conditions and convenient transportation. A-grade scenic spots are densely distributed around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the eastern regions such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu provinces. Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of A-grade scenic spots in China contributes to our understanding of the complexity of scenic spot layout and spatial connections, which provides a basis for optimizing the layout of tourism development within regions, the rational allocation of resources, enhancing the quality and efficiency of the tourism industry, and promoting sustained and healthy regional economic development. It is conducive to the strategic work of tourism development and rural revitalization in China, and serves as a reference for decision-making.

In the relationship between humans and the environment, all human activities depend on the geographical environment, which serves as the spatial place and material foundation for human life. This study provides a perspective on the human-environment relationship, using a case study of the Dashanbao Mountainous Outdoor Tourism Planning Area in Zhaotong, Yunnan. This study employed methods such as literature review, on-site investigation, and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the functional characteristics of the regional subject, spatial structuring, and spatiotemporally variable ordered processes of Dashanbao as a tourism destination from the perspective of human-environment relationships. The results indicate that under the guidance of the human-environment relationship system philosophy, the construction path of the “ecological space, production space, and living space” includes three main aspects: (1) The formation of five major project blocks and five functional zones to meet the diverse needs of different groups; (2) The establishment of a "multi-core module" structure optimizing the spatial layout of the tourism destination; and (3) With the changes in space and time, the convergence of elements in each block can form a composite mountainous outdoor tourism space with the characteristics of “ecology, life, and production”. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of tourism regional systems with mountainous characteristics.

The “toilet improvement” initiative has been actively responded to and implemented across China to improve the local sanitation environment and service quality since 2015.. This paper takes Yunnan Province as an example to evaluate the impact of this measure on the competitiveness of ecotourism in rural traditional villages. The ArcGIS tool was used to compare and screen the geographic environmental characteristics of six batches of 778 villages in Yunnan Province that were evaluated as national-level traditional villages in the early stage, and 37 villages with the same elevation changes and slope were selected for a comparative analysis, to reduce the impact of differences in three-dimensional topography and geomorphology. Combined with the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method and OLS econometric regression model, this study examined the ecotourism competitiveness of the 37 selected traditional villages and the impact of the toilet improvement initiative on their competitiveness. The results show that the ecotourism competitiveness of traditional villages in Yunnan Province is generally low, and there are obvious hierarchical characteristics. The road choice, regional distribution quantity, distance and service accessibility of public toilet construction have a significant influence on the overall ecotourism competitiveness of the villages in Yunnan Province. Therefore, three suggestions are put forward: strengthen the ecotourism construction of traditional villages in Yunnan Province as a whole and in each local area, pay attention to and strengthen the quantity and quality of construction of the public toilets relevant to ecotourism in traditional villages, and pay attention to the accessibility and service scope of the public toilets in the construction process.

Rural tourism plays a crucial role in promoting the process of urban-rural integration and regionally coordinated development. Drawing on theories of tourism system drive and system science, this study constructed a rural tourism system dynamics model with four subsystems: demand, supply, media, and support. Subsequently, we predicted the optimal mechanism for rural tourism development using scenario simulation methods. The findings were four-fold. (1) The rural tourism development dynamics system constructed in this study overcame the limitations of previous subsystem divisions. (2) Under the development scenarios of Natural development mechanism (NDM), Demand driven mechanism (DDM), Supply driven mechanism (SDMe), Media driven mechanism (MDM), Support driven mechanism (SDMu), and Synergistic driven mechanism (SDMy), the rural tourism development index values in 2035 were 0.678, 0.702, 0.755, 0.715, 0.776, and 0.836, respectively. Among these scenarios, SDMy emerged as the ideal mechanism for rural tourism development in Yangshuo County. (3) Based on the characteristics of the rural tourism development index, rural tourism in Yangshuo County has undergone three stages: fluctuating growth, rapid development, and recession. (4) Yangshuo County’s rural tourism supply index grows slowly and is always below 0.8, which is a key link for future structural optimization. This study proposes a direction for rural tourism development in Yangshuo and a later impetus, which can accelerate the process of urban-rural integration in Yangshuo and similar areas.

Tourism is an essential pillar to promote economic development. Under the context of “dual carbon” goal, which means the Chinese government delivery that China will reach peak CO₂ emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, the measurement of tourism carbon emissions facilitate preparation for carbon reduction work, and premise the development of sustainable tourism. In this study, based on existing studies, meta-analysis was used to extract relevant data of all studies on carbon emissions of domestic scenic spots before 2022, and visualized methods and SPSS correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between per capita carbon emissions of tourists of scenic spots and other variables of scenic spots. The results show that: (1) With the year 2010 as the node, the number of study areas and the per capita carbon emissions of tourists in the scenic spot show an increasing trend over time. Before 2010, the average per capita carbon emissions in the scenic spot was 23.47 kg person^-1, and after 2010, it increased to 55.29 kg person^-1; (2) Within different types of scenic spots, the per capita carbon emissions of tourists were ranked as follows: natural category > mixed category > humanistic category. The per capita carbon emission of natural scenic spots is the largest, which is 66.13 kg person^-1; (3) By analyzing the factors affecting per capita carbon emissions, it is found that there is a significant positive correlation between per capita carbon emissions of tourists and the area of the scenic spots, whereby the larger the area of the scenic spots, the larger the per capita carbon emissions; (4) An increase in the number of days of tourist routes leads to a rise in per capita carbon emissions, and in this part of the research, the influence of the source of tourists, the type of hotels and the mode of transportation on per capita carbon emissions was studied.

To deeply reach target markets and attract more tourists, a variety of media have been leveraged by tourism destination marketing organizations, particularly video games become a brand-new approach for destination marketing. With Assassin’s Creed: Unity as the research object, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, this article analyses and presents the influences of tourism destination factors in video games on the players’ perception of tourism destination image and their intention to visit. In this case, a conceptual model has been built with game factors as the independent variable, tourism destination image as the mediating variable and the players’ intention to visit as the dependent variable. Moreover, Multiple Regression is used in the analysis, proving significantly positive effects of game experience, character attachment, and tourism destination image on players' intention to visit. Consequently this study provides research support for the combination of tourism destination marketing and video games.

The large-scale and rapid development of tourism has led to many challenges in the sustainable development of Ecological Conservation Areas (ECAs). In this study, we constructed the model of the development potential of green tourism (DPGT) in ECAs. We then used this model to measure and analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of DPGT in Beijing’s Ecological Conservation Area (BECA), and built the enhancement model of DPGT in BECA. Our results demonstrate that the DPGT in BECA continued to rise from 2011 to 2020, showing the spatial characteristics of high in the north and low in the south. Each district has a different development focus, so differentiated management measures need to be implemented in the different areas. Finally, we built the enhancement model of DPGT in BECA, with “zoning management, focused implementation” as the guideline, protective development of resources as the basic force, ecological optimization of the whole process as the sustainable force, high-quality building of industries as the core force, and the insistence on multi-subject participation as the guarantee force. This study developed a new method to measure DPGT in ECAs, and provided a systematic management framework for green tourism and regional green development in ECAs.

Based on big data such as POI and tourism online reviews, the spatial distribution characteristics, distribution rationality and evaluation of the tourism experience quality of Beijing sports parks were explored by comprehensively using AHP analysis, GIS spatial analysis and other methods. The results show four important points. (1) From the perspective of overall spatial distribution rationality, the overall location distribution of the Beijing sports park layout is reasonable, but there are deviations and inappropriate distributions in local areas, showing a trend of regional tilt to the middle and North. The unsuitable areas for local distribution are mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions, which are distributed in a state of “three scattered points”. (2) The evaluation system was constructed from the three dimensions of tourism subject, tourism object and tourism scene, and the evaluation index system for sports park tourism experience quality including three first-class indicators and 17 second-class indicators was established. (3) At present, the overall level of experience quality of sports parks in Beijing is relatively weak, since it was rated only at the level of good, so there is still a certain gap from the level of satisfaction. (4) The indicators of tourism experience quality at all levels are densely distributed, mainly in the main urban areas and southern areas of Beijing. Among the points at all levels, the experience of tourism objects is the most dispersed, the experience of tourism subjects is moderately distributed, and the experience of tourism scenes is the most concentrated. Finally, according to the spatial distribution characteristics and the evaluation of tourism experience quality, an optimization path of sports parks is constructed, and targeted suggestions are provided for the reasonable layout of sports parks and the improvement of tourist satisfaction.

This study takes Cangshan UNESCO Global Geopark as an example, which takes the connection between tourism and economic departments as the starting point, adopts appropriate tourism development methods, and determines that tourists are one of the most important stakeholder groups in tourism development. Based on this, this study aims to explore the tourists’ cognition and support for the sustainable tourism development of Cangshan Global Geopark. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire survey method is used to construct the tourist satisfaction evaluation model of Mount Cangshan, and the tourist satisfaction of various scenic spots in Mount Cangshan is calculated and evaluated. The characteristics, tendency and purpose of tourists are studied. This result provides an effective reference for strengthening the construction of the characteristics of Cangshan scenic area and the management of tourists’ complaints. It can also help Cangshan scenic area plan tourism arrangements more reasonably, improve social service level and provide tourists with “zero defect” tourism products.

Based on the theory of resilience, this study utilized the panel data of the four major ancient capital tourist sites in Henan Province from 2009 to 2022 to construct a resilience evaluation index system that includes economic resilience, social resilience, cultural resilience, and ecological resilience. Then, with the help of the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method and an obstacle-degree model, the resilience levels of the ancient capital tourist sites in 2009?2022 were measured and the factors that act as obstacles were identified. The findings can be summarized in terms of Comprehensive Resilience, Subsystem Resilience and Factors Acting as Barriers. (1) Comprehensive resilience:This study reveals disparities in the development of overall resilience in ancient city tourist destinations. Zhengzhou emerges as the leader with the highest overall resilience score of 0.577, followed by Luoyang. In contrast, Kaifeng and Anyang exhibit relatively lower levels of resilience development. (2) Subsystem resilience:Zhengzhou consistently maintains a relatively high level of resilience with minor fluctuations, while Luoyang occupies a mid-range position and exhibits a stable developmental trajectory. Conversely, Kaifeng and Anyang have consistently operated at lower resilience levels, and are characterized by slower developmental progress. (3) Factors acting as barriers:Distinct subsystem indicators exert varying degrees of influence as barriers for resilience within the ancient city tourist destinations, referred to as the “barrier degree”. Economic resilience consistently maintains the highest barrier degree among the subsystems, while social resilience and cultural resilience demonstrate relatively similar barrier degrees. In contrast, ecological resilience exhibits the lowest barrier degree. The factors that obstruct the enhancement of resilience in ancient city tourist destinations exhibit remarkable consistency, with minimal annual fluctuations. Notably, the total tourist growth rate stands out as the primary impediment that constrains resilience development, and it consistently demonstrates a high barrier degree.

As a pioneer demonstration area of tourism development in China, tourism has become the pillar industry of Hainan Province, and tourism activities have become the main disturbance impacting the socio-ecological system in Hainan Province. Analyzing the evolutionary trend of resilience and factors influencing the TSES in Hainan Province is crucial for exploring the local sustainable tourism development path. To achieve that, we first built the resilience evaluation index system for TSES in Hainan Province. Using the entropy weight method-gray correlation-TOPSIS comprehensive analysis model, an obstruction degree model was used to analyze the evolution of resilience and the factors influencing TSES between 2010 and 2020. The results indicate that the resilience of TSES in Hainan Province showed a steady upward trend from 2010 to 2020, and it has remained in the medium stage. Among the subsystems, the resilience of the social subsystem increased steadily from the low stage to the medium stage. The resilience of the economic subsystem was in the middle stage, rising at first and then declining. The overall resilience of the ecological subsystem declined slowly, showing a trend of downward-upward-downward- upward, and was in the medium stage. In terms of influencing factors among the three subsystems, the social subsystem had the highest degree of obstruction during 2010-2018, while the ecological subsystem had the greatest degree of obstruction in 2019-2020. For the degrees of obstruction by individual factors, there were 11 major factors, including the proportion of the added value of tertiary industry in GDP, and among them the factors belonging to the social subsystem appeared most frequently. Therefore, the resilience of TSES in Hainan Province is in the process of continuous development, but there is still much room for improvement. For improving the resilience of TSES, it is important to effectively identify the obstacles and take corresponding measures in a timely manner.