Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Resilience: Analyzing the Crisis Management of Ski Resorts in China
XU Hanbing, E-mail: hanbingxu@bnu.edu.cn |
Received date: 2021-10-15
Accepted date: 2022-01-22
Online published: 2022-06-07
Supported by
The Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(20YJC890032)
Resilience has become an important concept for the ski resorts of China, which have suffered heavy losses due to COVID-19. In order to help China’s ski resort service industry successfully adapt to the crisis and achieve sustainable development, the goal of this paper is to develop the definition of resilience of the ski resort service industry through interviews based on the concept and general analysis framework of resilience. The ski resort resilience theory analysis framework is then constructed from the three basic elements (market, skiing, and stakeholders) and four system features (flexibility, adaptability, and collaborative learning ability). The results indicate several measures that can be taken to spread risk: enrich the product supply; eliminate risks and build a multi-agent networked industrial governance system; and establish a risk prevention and management mechanism based on a multi-organization alternative learning mechanism to overcome the difficulties encountered in the development of ski resorts.
Key words: ski resorts; service industry; resilience; risk management; China
XU Hanbing , BAI Yunchao , ZHU Yuran , LIU Mengyuan . Resilience: Analyzing the Crisis Management of Ski Resorts in China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022 , 13(4) : 679 -686 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.04.013
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the methods |
Table 1 Interview participant profiles |
No. | Interview date | Entity | Position |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Januray 2020 | Wanlong Ski Resort | General Manager |
2 | March 2020 | Beijing Ski Association | Chairman |
3 | March 2020 | Beijing Sport University | Professor |
4 | July 2021 | Winter Sports Administrative Center of China | Vice Director |
5 | July 2021 | Xinjiang Silkroad Resort | General Manager |
Fig. 2 The analysis framework for ski resort resilience |
Table 2 Resilience market drivers for ski resorts by region in China (Unit: %) |
Region | Proportion of ski resorts | Proportion of GDP | Proportion of health departments | Proportion of passenger capacity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eastern | 26.95 | 50.64 | 33.40 | 35.30 |
Middle | 15.63 | 22.00 | 27.31 | 27.24 |
Western | 29.78 | 20.88 | 31.22 | 29.54 |
Northeast | 27.63 | 6.48 | 8.07 | 7.93 |
Table 3 Summary of major supporting policies of China during the COVID-19 |
Area | Main measures |
---|---|
Beijing | 1. Beijing Municipal Bureau of Sports has provided appropriate electricity and water subsidies to skating rinks and ski resorts affected by COVID-19. A total of 18.279 million yuan of subsidy funds has been approved for 30 skating rinks and 21 ski resorts that meet the subsidy requirements |
2. Yanqing District has provided a certain cost subsidy for ski resorts that have a large initial cost investment, are seriously affected by COVID-19 and still need personnel management during the current period. The subsidy standard is 50% of the difference between the main business income of the ski resort in the snow seasons of 2019‒2020 and 2018‒2019 | |
Jilin | The Jilin Province Department of Culture and Tourism has granted financial subsidies to ski resorts operating in the 2019-2020 snow season according to the number of skiers received as of 23 January 2020. For ski resorts which receive more than 300000 skiers, it is a one-time subsidy of 2 million yuan; for those that receive more than 100000 skiers, a one-time subsidy of 1 million yuan; for those that receive more than 50000 skiers, a one-time subsidy of 300 000 yuan; and those that receive more than 10000 skiers, a one-time subsidy of 150000 yuan |
Hebei | 1. The Sports Bureau of Hebei Province and Bank of China Shijiazhuang Branch actively cooperated to win support for their policies and jointly formulated ten Measures to Support the Development of Sports Industry under the Influence of the Epidemic 2. Chongli District of Zhangjiakou has introduced seven measures, including tax reductions and exemptions on urban and township land use tax and property tax, extending the loss carryover period for enterprises, extension of declaration and tax payments, intensifying the electricity and water subsidies, delaying payment of social insurance premiums, implementing a policy of subsidies for stabilizing jobs with unemployment insurance, organizing the bank-enterprise connecting activities, etc., to help tide the ski resort enterprises over during their difficulties |
Zhejiang | Winter sports have been listed as the key projects of the Zhejiang Sports Industry Development Fund Project Library in 2020 |
Shanxi | The Sports Bureau of Shanxi Province issued the Notice of Fully Supporting Shanxi Sports Enterprises in Defeating the Virus and Stabilizing the Development, and together with China Construction Bank Shanxi Branch jointly issued the Notice of Several Measures of Encouraging the Growth of Sports Enterprises under the Influence of the COVID-19 Outbreak, to promote the resumption of work and the production and stable development of sports enterprises during the COVID-19 outbreak by reducing rent, providing services, supporting credit, etc. |
Hubei | 1. The Sports Bureau of Hubei Province has set up electricity and water subsidies of 1.2 million yuan for ski resorts 2. According to the fiscal supporting policies introduced by the Sports Bureau of Hubei Province, such as issuing the electricity subsidies for ski resorts, allotting sports project relief funds and granting sports industry guidance funds, Shennongjia Forestry District has obtained the excess input VAT credits of 2.93 million yuan from the Tax Service. The property tax has been reduced by more than 400000 yuan. The Human Resources and Social Security Bureau has been subsidized 29000 yuan for stabilizing jobs and the Labor and Employment Bureau 12000 yuan. The bureau also tried to reduce the electricity price of the power companies by 5% 3. Yichang formulated and released technical guidelines for epidemic prevention and control in sports venues for ski resorts and stadiums that were heavily affected by the epidemic, with the goals of standardizing epidemic prevention and control and resuming work and production in terms of technical and safety standards, and helping two ski resorts to apply for 1.79 million yuan of electricity and water subsidies during the snow season |
Sichuan | A series of measures such as tax subsidies, rent reduction and fee deduction have been introduced, and the ice and snow stadiums enjoy the same corresponding measures. They are also actively connected with the finance, strive to issue “sports consumption vouchers” as soon as possible, and will launch “sports loans” to stimulate the ice and snow consumption and provide high-quality financial services for sports enterprises |
Liaoning | The Sports Bureau of Liaoning Province, together with the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, have made use of the provincial cultural tourism special funds to give special support funds to 42 ice and snow enterprises in the province. Among them, the ski resorts received a subsidy of 0.3 to 3 million yuan, and the Winter Carnival operators received 50 to 900 thousand yuan |
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