Journal of Resources and Ecology >
A Spatial Analysis of Urban Color Harmony in Five Global Metropolises
CHEN Naige, E-mail: chenng.19s@igsnrr.ac.cn |
Received date: 2021-07-16
Accepted date: 2021-10-08
Online published: 2022-03-09
Supported by
The Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20040400)
Harmonious urban color can reduce urban light pollution, relieve the urban heat island effect, improve the living quality and form a distinctive style. However, due to the manifold architectural styles, urban color in metropolises typically becomes complicated, which may destroy the color harmony of metropolises. Up to now, there has not been enough research on the quantitative expression of the degree of color harmony, and the research on comparing the urban color characteristics of different metropolises is also relatively insufficient. This paper firstly developed a method to quantitatively measure the degrees of color harmony (DCHs) of five metropolises in 2020: London, Tokyo, Chicago, Paris, and Beijing, by writing a Python program and using the Sentinel-2A remote sensing data. GIS buffers were then used to analyze the spatial distribution of the DCHs within each metropolis. In addition, 20 typical samples were selected to analyze the differences of the DCHs between residential and industrial areas. The results showed that: (1) The values of the DCHs of London and Tokyo were the highest, followed by Chicago and Paris, while Beijing was the lowest. (2) The values of the DCHs were increasing from the inside out in Chicago, Paris, and London, while those in Beijing and Tokyo were decreasing. (3) The values of the DCHs in industrial areas were much lower than in residential areas. Based on the above results, policy implications are provided for color management of these metropolises. Lastly, this study may provide a method for the rapid analysis the DCHs for other metropolises.
Key words: spatial analysis; urban color harmony; global metropolis; cityscape
CHEN Naige , XU Xiaofan , TAN Minghong , WANG Xianming . A Spatial Analysis of Urban Color Harmony in Five Global Metropolises[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022 , 13(2) : 238 -246 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.02.007
Table 1 Urban color planning of the selected metropolises |
Metropolis | Period | Planning |
---|---|---|
Paris | 1960s | Completing color plans for the Greater Paris area and selecting beautiful beige as the base tone |
Tokyo | 1970s | Conducting a comprehensive color survey on Tokyo and developing the first urban color plan with modern significance |
Chicago | 1970s | Chicago is defined by a dark color tone, which corresponds to the cold temperament of its financial capital |
London | 1980s | The dark blue was selected as the color of the buildings on both sides of the Thames River, and is suitable for the river water background after considering the environmental background |
Beijing | 2000s | Beijing introduced the “Regulations on the Management of the Facade of Buildings in Beijing to Keep Tidy and Clean”, and began the urban color management work |
Fig. 1 Traverse algorithm calculation sketch map |
Table 2 Harmony level classification |
Percentage range (%) | Numerical range | Harmony level |
---|---|---|
0-25 | <0.078 | Highly harmonious |
25-50 | 0.078-0.104 | Generally harmonious |
50-75 | 0.104-0.141 | Generally disharmonious |
75-100 | >0.141 | Highly disharmonious |
Fig. 2 Buffer analysis diagram (taking Beijing as an example) |
Fig. 3 Locations and names of selected industrial and residential areas for the five metropolises |
Fig. 4 Spatial distributions of different harmony levels |
Fig. 5 Changes of the percentage of harmonious pixels in different buffers |
Table 3 Percentages of different harmony levels in residential and industrial areas |
Metropolis | Regional type | Area number | Class type (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highly harmonious | Generally harmonious | Generally disharmonious | Highly disharmonious | |||
Paris | Residential | 1 | 0.2 | 48.1 | 44.7 | 7.0 |
2 | 0.3 | 60.8 | 37.7 | 1.2 | ||
Industrial | 3 | 0.1 | 13.0 | 65.8 | 21.1 | |
4 | 0 | 1.6 | 57.8 | 40.6 | ||
Beijing | Residential | 1 | 0 | 16.3 | 55.2 | 28.5 |
2 | 2.2 | 30.3 | 56.2 | 11.3 | ||
Industrial | 3 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 22.5 | 72.8 | |
4 | 0 | 5.5 | 35.8 | 58.7 | ||
Tokyo | Residential | 1 | 29.2 | 66.4 | 4.3 | 0.1 |
2 | 91.5 | 6.6 | 1.9 | 0 | ||
Industrial | 3 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 29.1 | 63.1 | |
4 | 0 | 2.1 | 22.4 | 75.5 | ||
London | Residential | 1 | 35.1 | 39.9 | 18.7 | 6.3 |
2 | 44.2 | 26.2 | 15.2 | 14.4 | ||
Industrial | 3 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 94.5 | |
4 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 91.8 | ||
Chicago | Residential | 1 | 3.9 | 25.9 | 44.9 | 25.3 |
2 | 7.1 | 44.6 | 24.4 | 23.9 | ||
Industrial | 3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 98.0 | |
4 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 98.4 |
Note: Area number corresponds to the numbers of the selected areas of five metropolises in Fig. 3. |
Fig. 6 Average percentages of harmonious pixels in selected regions |
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