Journal of Resources and Ecology >
The Development Process, Current Situation and Prospects of the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses Project in China
Received date: 2021-07-19
Accepted date: 2021-09-30
Online published: 2022-01-08
Supported by
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171279)
The Mobility Programme DFG-NSFC(M-0342)
Research on the Development Strategy of China Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses(TBG2020002)
The Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses Project is the most symbolic and globally important ecological engineering effort to build the human and natural life community. After the call and mobilization stage since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the first round of Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses occurred at the end of the 20th century. With the second round of Conversion of Farmland to Forests And Grasses launched in 2014, the central government has invested 535.3 billion yuan altogether by 2020, and 34.83 million ha have been returned to forest and grassland in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (2435 counties included). Among them, 14.23 million ha were returned from farmland; barren hills and wasteland afforestation accounted for 17.53 million ha; and sealed mountain forest cultivation represented 3.07 million ha, accounting for 40% of the total afforestation area of national key projects in the same period, and 41 million households and 158 million farmers benefited directly. The project construction has made great achievements. The total value of ecological benefits has reached 1.42 trillion yuan, plus economic benefits of 0.26 trillion yuan, and social benefits of 0.73 trillion yuan, for a total amount of 2.41 trillion yuan. This effort has made outstanding contributions toward building an ecological civilization and a beautiful China. Looking forward to the future, the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses will embark on a new stage of high-quality development, which will strive to achieve high-quality construction, high efficiency and a high level of management. China will promote the third round of conversion of farmland to forest and grassland from 2021 to 2035, and it is expected to return 6.67 million ha to forests and grasses.
LI Shidong , LIU Moucheng . The Development Process, Current Situation and Prospects of the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses Project in China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022 , 13(1) : 120 -128 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.01.014
Table 1 Completion of the project of Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses (Unit: 104 ha) |
Program | Arable land converted to forest and grass | The barren hills and wasteland found suitable for afforestation | Mountains sealed up for cultivating the forests | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
The first round | 926.7 | 1746.7 | 306.7 | 2980.1 |
The second round | 496.7 | 6.6 | 0 | 503.3 |
Total | 1423.4 | 1753.3 | 306.7 | 3483.4 |
Table 2 Ecological benefits of Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses nationwide |
No. | Program | Material quantity | Economic value (108 yuan yr-1) | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Water conservation | 440.05 (108 m3 yr‒1) | 4630.22 | 32.68 |
2 | Purifying the atmospheric environment | 54019.09 (104 t yr‒1) | 3101.75 | 21.89 |
3 | Carbon fixation and oxygen release | 18837.08 (104 t yr-1) | 2230.16 | 15.74 |
4 | Biodiversity conservation | - | 2067.47 | 14.59 |
5 | Preserving conservation | 73834.25 (104 t yr-1) | 1298.51 | 9.16 |
6 | Forest protection | 83725.00 (104 t yr-1) | 654.35 | 4.62 |
7 | Trees will accumulate nutrients | 121.34 (104 t yr-1) | 186.17 | 1.31 |
8 | Total | - | 14168.64 | 100.00 |
Table 3 Economic benefits of the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses nationwide |
Program | Item | Economic value (108 yuan yr-1) | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Primary industry | Subtotal | 1483.05 | 58.05 |
Value of economic forest products | 842.23 | ||
Wood and bamboo mining value | 187.07 | ||
Underforest planting value | 366.30 | ||
Value of underforest breeding | 87.45 | ||
Second industry | Subtotal | 654.55 | 25.62 |
Wood processing value | 349.94 | ||
Manufacturing value of forest production and chemical products | 63.72 | ||
Wood-derived oil, fruits and vegetables, tea drinks, etc. Processing and manufacturing value | 203.66 | ||
Processing value of forest medicinal materials | 37.24 | ||
Third industry | Subtotal | 417.32 | 16.33 |
Forestry production service value | 111.58 | ||
Forestry professional and technical service value | 29.86 | ||
Value of ecological tourism and forest health care services | 275.88 | ||
Total | 2554.93 | 100.00 |
Table 4 Social benefits of the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses nationwide |
Program | Item | Economic value (108 yuan yr-1) | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Develop social programs | Subtotal | 4474.21 | 61.06 |
Conversion of farmland to absorb employment value | 1428.66 | ||
Value of conversion of farmland to transferring the labor force | 1920.58 | ||
Conversion of farmland training value | 8.90 | ||
Ecological education base value | 122.36 | ||
Value of ecological and cultural works | 4.16 | ||
Ecotourism value | 989.56 | ||
Improve the social structure | Subtotal | 2479.55 | 33.84 |
Rural greening and beautification contribution value | 990.79 | ||
Contribution value of conversion of farmland investment | 282.26 | ||
Characteristic economic forest product consumption value | 153.96 | ||
Income value of conversion of farmland to forests | 1052.53 | ||
Improve social services | Subtotal | 62.29 | 0.85 |
Covering the value of the poor population | 56.36 | ||
Attracting the ecological value of ecological forest rangers | 5.93 | ||
Promote the development of social organizations | Subtotal | 310.92 | 4.24 |
Scale value of the new forestry business entities of conversion of farmland | 296.32 | ||
New forestry business entities of conversion of farmland which drive the value of farmers | 14.60 | ||
Total | 7326.98 | 100.00 |
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