Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Spatial Differentiation Pattern of Habitat Quality and Mechanism of Factors Influencing in Resource-based Cities: A Case Study of Tangshan City, China
CHENG Peng, E-mail: 1962544628@qq.com |
Received date: 2021-01-19
Accepted date: 2021-04-20
Online published: 2021-11-22
Supported by
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971240)
The Special Funding Project for Fundamental Scientific Research Operation Fees of Central Universities(2662019FW017)
The degradation of the eco-environment has been a challenge for sustainability in resource-based cities around the world. Although much attention has been drawn to this issue, few insights have been acquired regarding the spatial differentiation and mechanism of the factors influencing habitat quality in resource-based cities from the perspective of the interactions of natural and human factors. Using Tangshan City as a case study, this paper evaluates habitat quality by integrating Ecosystem Service Value Assessment and the InVEST-HQ model, identifies the spatial distribution of Tangshan’s habitat quality with spatial auto-correlation, and explores the influencing factors and their mechanism of influence on the spatial differentiation with the geographical detector model and Space production theory. The results show that: (1) The total value of the habitat quality in Tangshan City in 2019 was 3.45×10 10 yuan, and the habitat quality value was 24435.05 yuan ha ‒1. The habitat quality value presents a clustered distribution pattern of “hot in the north and the south, cold from the center to the west”. (2) On the county scale, Qianxi County had the best habitat quality and Lubei District had the worst habitat quality; Shangying Township had the highest average habitat quality and Kaiping Street had the lowest average habitat quality in the township unit. (3) The results of geographical detectors show that natural environmental conditions are the important basic factors affecting the spatial differentiation of habitat quality in Tangshan City, while urbanization and industrialization factors are the most important external forces driving the spatial differentiation of habitat quality. The contributions of average elevation, average slope, raw material industrial density, and population density to the spatial differentiation of habitat quality are all above 0.40. The interactions of any two factors on habitat quality are enhanced. Areas with concentrated populations, rich industrial resources, and convenient transportation become low-value habitat quality areas; while areas with beautiful landscape patterns, abundant precipitation, and a comfortable climate become high-value habitat quality areas. Space production theory can be used to explain the mechanism of the formation of the spatial differentiation of habitat quality.
CHENG Peng , MIN Min , ZHAO Wei , ZHAO Ke . Spatial Differentiation Pattern of Habitat Quality and Mechanism of Factors Influencing in Resource-based Cities: A Case Study of Tangshan City, China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021 , 12(5) : 636 -649 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.05.007
Fig. 1 Location and subdivisions of Tangshan City |
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution map and county levels of habitat quality values in Tangshan City |
Fig. 3 (a) Spatial distribution of total habitat quality in each township in Tangshan City; (b) Spatial distribution of average habitat quality in each township in Tangshan City. |
Fig. 4 (a) LISA cluster map of total habitat quality in Tangshan City; (b) LISA cluster map of average habitat quality in Tangshan City. |
Fig. 5 (a) Analysis of kernel density of Tangshan’s raw material industry layout; (b) Analysis of kernel density of Tangshan’s extractive industry layout; (c) Analysis of kernel density of Tangshan’s construction industry layout. |
Table 1 Habitat quality grade distribution of different raw material industrial kernel density levels in Tangshan City |
Raw material industrial habitat quality level | Ⅰ (0-0.057) | Ⅱ (0.057-0.170) | Ⅲ (0.170-0.402) | Ⅳ (0.402-0.747) | Ⅴ (0.747-1.205) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
Lower | 1390.73 | 13.22 | 900.96 | 34.58 | 427.10 | 57.46 | 126.50 | 85.72 | 72.96 | 75.73 |
Low | 1965.27 | 18.69 | 602.80 | 23.14 | 201.38 | 27.09 | 21.07 | 14.28 | 23.39 | 24.27 |
Medium | 1981.13 | 18.84 | 720.93 | 27.67 | 100.73 | 13.55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High | 2569.29 | 24.43 | 217.90 | 8.36 | 14.12 | 1.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Higher | 2611.45 | 24.83 | 162.86 | 6.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total area | 10517.87 | 74.54 | 2605.45 | 18.46 | 743.34 | 5.27 | 147.57 | 1.05 | 96.35 | 0.68 |
Average (pixel) | 2648.24 | 1082.31 | 410.39 | 200.81 | 243.16 |
Table 2 Habitat quality grade distribution of different extractive industrial kernel density levels in Tangshan City |
Extractive industrial habitat quality level | Ⅰ(0-0.006) | Ⅱ(0.006-0.015) | Ⅲ (0.015-0.029) | Ⅳ (0.029-0.051) | Ⅴ (0.051-0.088) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
Lower | 1163.89 | 14.93 | 874.95 | 24.89 | 510.37 | 30.52 | 304.39 | 36.14 | 64.65 | 22.86 |
Low | 1240.45 | 15.91 | 728.72 | 20.73 | 488.64 | 29.22 | 269.35 | 31.98 | 86.75 | 30.67 |
Medium | 1763.92 | 22.62 | 727.22 | 20.68 | 255.43 | 15.27 | 30.39 | 3.61 | 25.82 | 9.13 |
High | 2251.62 | 28.88 | 284.45 | 8.10 | 82.63 | 4.90 | 80.51 | 9.56 | 102.10 | 36.10 |
Higher | 1377.44 | 17.67 | 900.51 | 25.61 | 335.31 | 20.05 | 157.54 | 18.71 | 3.51 | 1.24 |
Total area | 7797.33 | 55.26 | 3515.85 | 24.92 | 1672.39 | 11.85 | 842.19 | 5.97 | 282.82 | 2.00 |
Average (pixel) | 2343.80 | 2266.33 | 1904.45 | 1522.98 | 1132.91 |
Table 3 Habitat quality grade distribution of different construction industrial kernel density levels in Tangshan City |
Construction industrial habitat quality level | Ⅰ (0-0.098) | Ⅱ (0.098-0.322) | Ⅲ (0.322-0.743) | Ⅳ (0.743-1.415) | Ⅴ (1.415-2.283) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | Area (km2) | Proportion (%) | |
Lower | 2092.35 | 17.84 | 444.94 | 30.51 | 212.52 | 30.23 | 91.59 | 65.87 | 76.85 | 93.96 |
Low | 2250.63 | 19.19 | 326.83 | 22.41 | 184.05 | 26.18 | 47.46 | 34.13 | 4.94 | 6.04 |
Medium | 2284.39 | 19.48 | 392.21 | 26.89 | 126.20 | 17.95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High | 2552.11 | 21.76 | 181.91 | 12.47 | 67.30 | 9.57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Higher | 2548.99 | 21.73 | 112.44 | 7.71 | 112.87 | 16.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total area | 11728.47 | 83.12 | 1458.33 | 10.33 | 702.94 | 4.98 | 139.06 | 0.99 | 81.79 | 0.58 |
Average (pixel) | 2397.44 | 1321.68 | 1333.54 | 239.38 | 184.80 |
Table 4 Detection results of the factors affecting habitat quality in Tangshan City |
First level indicator | Secondary indicators | Code | Factor interpretation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
q-statistic | P value | |||
Natural environmental conditions | Average slope | X1 | 0.55 | 0.000 |
Mean elevation | X2 | 0.63 | 0.000 | |
Average annual precipitation | X3 | 0.34 | 0.000 | |
Urbanization factors | Population density | X4 | 0.46 | 0.000 |
Traffic network density | X5 | 0.17 | 0.000 | |
GDP per unit area | X6 | 0.22 | 0.000 | |
Industrialization factors | Raw material industrial density | X7 | 0.40 | 0.000 |
Construction industry density | X8 | 0.32 | 0.000 | |
Extractive industry density | X9 | 0.16 | 0.014 |
Table 5 Interactive detection results of factors influencing habitat quality in Tangshan City |
Impact factor | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | 0.55 | ||||||||
X2 | 0.68* | 0.63 | |||||||
X3 | 0.82* | 0.83* | 0.34 | ||||||
X4 | 0.73* | 0.75* | 0.78* | 0.46 | |||||
X5 | 0.73* | 0.78* | 0.60# | 0.67# | 0.17 | ||||
X6 | 0.72* | 0.73* | 0.68# | 0.65* | 0.48# | 0.22 | |||
X7 | 0.73* | 0.77* | 0.68* | 0.65* | 0.63# | 0.60* | 0.40 | ||
X8 | 0.73* | 0.78* | 0.64* | 0.66* | 0.54# | 0.57# | 0.57* | 0.32 | |
X9 | 0.64* | 0.71* | 0.54# | 0.59* | 0.41# | 0.45# | 0.59# | 0.50# | 0.16 |
Note: * means two-factor enhancement type; # means non-linear enhancement type. |
Fig. 6 Mechanism of factors influencing the spatial differentiation of habitat quality in Tangshan City |
[1] |
|
[2] |
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
|
[15] |
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
|
[20] |
|
[21] |
|
[22] |
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
|
[26] |
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
|
[29] |
|
[30] |
People’s Government of Tangshan City. 2011. Tangshan City Land Use Master Plan(2006-2020). http://ts.hebgt.gov.cn/ts/xxgk/ghtj/gtgh/101 460187729959.html
|
[31] |
|
[32] |
|
[33] |
|
[34] |
|
[35] |
|
[36] |
|
[37] |
|
[38] |
|
[39] |
|
[40] |
|
[41] |
|
[42] |
|
[43] |
|
[44] |
|
[45] |
|
[46] |
|
[47] |
|
[48] |
|
[49] |
|
[50] |
|
[51] |
|
[52] |
|
[53] |
|
/
〈 | 〉 |