Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Conceptual Framework for Key Element Identification in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS): Case of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in China
LI Heyao, E-mail: lihy.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn |
Received date: 2021-01-26
Accepted date: 2021-04-06
Online published: 2021-09-30
Supported by
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23100203)
With the continuous emergence of global development problems, the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) have been assigned greater importance. However, due to the complex structure, multi-component, dynamic, and open characteristics of IAHS, there are neglected problems which need to be solved in conservation practice, such as component element ambiguity, obscurity of the conservation redline, etc. This study defined the concept of key elements (KE) of IAHS, put forward a conceptual framework of KE identification, conducted empirical research by taking Honghe County of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System (HHRTS) as an example and analyzed the level of recognition motivations for different stakeholder groups. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) The KE of HHRTS are grain crops, rice species biodiversity, terrace construction and maintenance technique, Hani traditional festivals, Hani traditional foods, and virgin forest; 2) The reasons behind the KE priorities of farmers, businessmen and tourists were at the micro level, the reasons of officers were at the middle level and the reasons of researchers were at the macro level. The empirical study conducted in HHRTS showed that the proposed conceptual framework could identify KE of IAHS effectively, and provided a theoretical perspective for the structuring of and essential need for IAHS research. Moreover, the KE recognition levels of different stakeholder groups reflected their potential action strategies. We should focus on the coherence of policies and measures in both the microscale and macroscale to balance the diversified demands of stakeholders, and to stimulate their enthusiasm for participation in the conservation in order to improve the management level of IAHS sites.
LI Heyao , HE Siyuan , DING Lubin , MA Nan , MIN Qingwen . Conceptual Framework for Key Element Identification in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS): Case of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021 , 12(4) : 522 -531 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.04.010
Fig.1 Conceptual framework of KE identification |
Table 1 Component element list of IAHS for KE identification |
Survey category | Component elements |
---|---|
Food and livelihood security (A) | ·Grain crops ·Economic fruits ·Agricultural products ·Agricultural production organization |
Agricultural biodiversity (B) | ·Agricultural species biodiversity ·Related species biodiversity |
Local and traditional knowledge systems (C) | ·Farming technique ·Water resource management technique ·Landscape construction and maintenance technique ·Tools construction technique ·House building technique ·Characteristic livestock feeding technique |
Cultures, value systems, and social organizations (D) | ·Traditional folklore ·Traditional values ·Traditional organizations |
Landscape and seascape features (E) | ·Distinctive landscape elements |
Fig. 2 The location of the study area Note: HHRTS is the abbreviation of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System. |
Table 2 Sources of samples in the questionnaire survey in Honghe County |
Type of stakeholder | Number of samples | Percent (%) | Number of valid samples | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peasants | 58 | 52.7 | 55 | 53.9 |
Officials | 18 | 16.4 | 18 | 17.7 |
Researchers | 10 | 9.1 | 10 | 9.8 |
Businessmen | 16 | 14.5 | 14 | 13.7 |
Tourists | 8 | 7.3 | 5 | 4.9 |
Total | 110 | 100 | 102 | 100 |
Table 3 Questionnaire design for the KE perception of stakeholders |
Survey category | Component elements |
---|---|
Food and livelihood security (A) | ·(A1) Grain crops ·(A2) Economic fruits ·(A3) Agricultural products ·(A4) Agricultural production organization |
Agricultural biodiversity (B) | ·(B1) Rice species biodiversity ·(B2) Vegetable species biodiversity ·(B3) Fruit species biodiversity ·(B4) Animal species biodiversity ·(B5) Botanical species biodiversity |
Local and traditional knowledge systems (C) | ·(C1) Terrace construction and maintenance technique ·(C2) Water resource distribution technique ·(C3) Water resource utilization technique ·(C4) Terrace farming technique ·(C5) Farm tools construction technique ·(C6) Other tools construction technique ·(C7) House building technique ·(C8) Buffalo domestication technique |
Cultures, value systems and social organizations (D) | ·(D1) Hani traditional festivals ·(D2) Hani traditional foods ·(D3) Hani traditional dance ·(D4) Hani traditional clothes ·(D5) Hani folk music ·(D6) Hani traditional literature ·(D7) Hani patriarchal clan culture ·(D8) Hani religious customs |
Landscape and seascape features (E) | ·(E1) Virgin forest ·(E2) Water system ·(E3) Villages ·(E4) Terrace |
Table 4 Sequencing results in the food and livelihood security category by stakeholders |
Sequencing numbers | Peasants (%) | Officials (%) | Resear- chers(%) | Business- men(%) | Tourists (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A1 (94.54) | A1 (100.00) | A1(100.00) | A1 (63.64) | A1 (80.00) |
2 | A3 (58.18) | A3 (66.67) | A3 (70.00) | A3 (35.71) | A3 (80.00) |
3 | A4 (23.64) | A4 (38.89) | A4 (70.00) | A2 (50.00) | A2 (100.00) |
4 | A2 (45.45) | A2 (66.67) | A2 (60.00) | A4 (64.29) | A4 (100.00) |
Table 5 Sequencing results in the agricultural biodiversity category by stakeholders |
Sequencing numbers | Peasants (%) | Officials (%) | Researchers (%) | Businessmen (%) | Tourists (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | B1 (90.91) | B1 (88.89) | B1 (80.00) | B1 (78.57) | B1 (60.00) |
2 | B2 (100.00) | B2 (38.89) | B4 (20.00) | B2 (50.00) | B2 (60.00) |
3 | B5 (21.82) | B4 (33.33) | B3 (60.00) | B3 (42.86) | B5 (60.00) |
4 | B3 (38.18) | B5 (50.00) | B5 (60.00) | B4 (57.14) | B4 (40.00) |
5 | B4 (23.64) | B3 (44.44) | B2 (70.00) | B5 (50.00) | B3 (40.00) |
Table 6 Sequencing results in the local and traditional knowledge systems category by stakeholders |
Sequencing numbers | Peasants (%) | Officials (%) | Researchers (%) | Businessmen (%) | Tourists (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | C1 (45.45) | C1 (55.56) | C1 (80.00) | C2 (64.29) | C1 (60.00) |
2 | C2 (36.36) | C2 (61.11) | C4 (60.00) | C4 (14.29) | C7 (40.00) |
3 | C3 (25.45) | C4 (44.44) | C2 (60.00) | C3 (21.43) | C4 (60.00) |
4 | C4 (36.36) | C3 (55.56) | C3 (70.00) | C1 (50.00) | C2 (60.00) |
5 | C5 (36.36) | C5 (61.11) | C5 (70.00) | C7 (42.86) | C3 (80.00) |
6 | C8 (29.09) | C6 (38.89) | C7 (70.00) | C5 (50.00) | C6 (80.00) |
7 | C7 (40.00) | C8 (38.89) | C8 (50.00) | C6 (42.86) | C5 (80.00) |
8 | C6 (38.18) | C7 (44.44) | C6 (60.00) | C8 (50.00) | C8 (100.00) |
Table 7 Sequencing results in the cultures, value systems, and social organizations category by stakeholders |
Sequencing numbers | Peasants (%) | Officials (%) | Researchers (%) | Businessmen (%) | Tourists (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | D2 (47.47) | D1 (66.67) | D2 (60.00) | D2 (42.86) | D1 (60.00) |
2 | D1 (38.18) | D2 (38.89) | D1 (50.00) | D1 (57.14) | D2 (60.00) |
3 | D4 (27.27) | D8 (11.11) | D6 (60.00) | D4 (57.14) | D4 (80.00) |
4 | D5 (27.27) | D6 (16.67) | D4 (80.00) | D5 (50.00) | D5 (80.00) |
5 | D3 (23.64) | D3 (44.44) | D3 (50.00) | D3 (57.14) | D3 (20.00) |
6 | D7 (36.36) | D4 (16.67) | D8 (80.00) | D7 (71.43) | D7 (60.00) |
7 | D6 (43.64) | D5 (11.11) | D7 (80.00) | D8 (50.00) | D6 (40.00) |
8 | D8 (34.55) | D7 (22.22) | D5 (80.00) | D6 (57.14) | D3 (60.00) |
Table 8 Sequencing results in the landscape and seascape features category by stakeholders |
Sequencing numbers | Peasants (%) | Officials (%) | Researchers (%) | Business- men (%) | Tourists (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | E1 (85.45) | E1 (90.00) | E1 (90) | E1 (57.14) | E4 (60.00) |
2 | E2 (54.55) | E2 (55.56) | E2 (90) | E2 (50.00) | E3 (40.00) |
3 | E4 (32.73) | E4 (38.89) | E4 (80) | E3 (64.29) | E1 (60.00) |
4 | E3 (47.27) | E3 (44.44) | E3 (80) | E4 (71.43) | E2 (100.00) |
Table 9 Levels of the reasons for selecting specific KE by different stakeholder groups |
Category | KE | Peasants | Officials | Researchers | Businessmen | Tourists |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | A1 | + | ++ | +++ | + | + |
B | B1 | + | ++ | +++ | + | + |
C | C1 | + | ++ | ++ | + | + |
D | D1 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
D2 | + | ++ | ++ | + | + | |
E | E1 | ++ | ++ | +++ | ++ | + |
Note: The symbols are occupied to classify different levels of the collected reasons of stakeholders in each of the groups. For the symbols, “+” stands for reasons at the micro level, such as interests or merits of the individual or family; “++” stands for reasons at the middle level, such as the interests or merits of the village or patriarchal clan; and “+++” stands for reasons at the macro level, such as the interests or merits of the entire system, nation or country. |
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