Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Rural Poverty Patterns and Influencing Factors in Yunnan Province, China: Based on County Level Dataset
Received date: 2019-12-30
Accepted date: 2020-03-20
Online published: 2020-09-30
Supported by
The Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41130748)
The identification of poverty at the county level is the precondition for poverty alleviation by formulating accurate strategies that are targeted for a certain area. Yunnan Province has the largest number of poverty counties in China. The vast number of people living under the poverty-line, and the deep degree of poverty across a wide distribution range, pose major challenges. Based on the rural poverty incidence data, this paper describes the rural poverty patterns in Yunnan Province in 2010 and 2015, and then it explores the main factors which influence the incidence and changes in rural poverty at the county level in Yunnan Province using a stepwise regression analysis method. This study found that the rural poverty in counties of Yunnan Province was deeply affected by natural conditions and the geographical environment. In 2010 and 2015, the rural poverty situation in the middle region of Yunnan Province was relatively light, while it was more serious in the northwest, northeast and south regions. The pattern of county poverty is in good agreement with the topography and landforms of Yunnan Province and the poverty-stricken areas. There are strong correlations between the incidence of rural poverty in Yunnan Province with both the annual per capita net income of rural residents and the degree of agricultural mechanization. These factors are related to the living standards and agricultural production necessary for the peasantry to sustain their livelihood. The change in the incidence of rural poverty at the county level in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2015 is significantly correlated with changes in the value-added of the primary industries and the degree of agricultural mechanization. These correlations indicate that the development of primary industry plays a key role in the process of lifting rural residents in Yunnan Province out of poverty so they can achieve prosperity. Therefore, improving the annual per capita net income of rural residents and the degree of agricultural mechanization for rural areas in Yunnan Province are still the main points for focused efforts. In the current phase of poverty alleviation, Yunnan Province should emphasize increasing rural residents' income and agricultural production and management in order to formulate effective policies and measures for poverty alleviation.
SHANG Xiaowen , CHEN Yufu . Rural Poverty Patterns and Influencing Factors in Yunnan Province, China: Based on County Level Dataset[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020 , 11(4) : 366 -377 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.04.005
Fig. 1 The change of rural poverty incidence in Yunnan Province and China from 2010 to 2017 |
Table 1 The socio-economic development indicators affecting rural poverty at the county level |
Variables | Index (unit) | Variables | Index (unit) |
---|---|---|---|
X1 | The value-added of primary industry (Ⅹ104 yuan) | X8 | Per capita GDP (yuan person-1) |
X2 | Total power of agricultural machinery (Ⅹ104 kW) | X9 | Staff average wages (Ⅹ104 yuan person-1) |
X3 | The number of units of an industrial enterprise above a designated size (number) | X10 | Budgetary revenue from local public finances (Ⅹ108 yuan) |
X4 | Gross industrial output value above a designated size (Ⅹ104 yuan) | X11 | Budgetary revenue from local public finances per capita (yuan person-1) |
X5 | Fixed asset investment (Ⅹ108 yuan) | X12 | Total retail sales of consumer goods (Ⅹ108 yuan) |
X6 | The number of beds in medical and health institutions (number) | X13 | Household savings at the end of a year (Ⅹ108 yuan) |
X7 | GDP (Ⅹ104 yuan) | X14 | Annual per capita net income of rural residents (yuan person-1) |
Fig. 2 The spatial patterns of rural poverty incidence at the county level in Yunnan Province in 2010 and 2015, elevation and the four concentrated contiguous areasNote: (a) and (b) were drawn by the author according to the poverty incidence in Yunnan Province in the “Yunnan Survey Yearbook”; (c) is derived from Resources and Environment Science Data Center (http://www.resdc.cn/Default.aspx) of the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and (d) is compiled and drawn according to the instructions on releasing “the List of Counties in Contiguous Poverty-stricken Areas Nationwide” issued by the leading group office of poverty alleviation and development under the state council. The names of the prefecture-level cities and their abbreviations are also marked the above figures. |
Table 2 The decreasing amplitude of rural poverty incidence and the numbers of counties from 2010 to 2015 |
Decreasing amplitude (%) | Number | Number of poverty- stricken counties at the national level | Number of counties in Wumeng Mountain | Number of counties in the Tibetan areas in four provinces | Number of counties in the western Yunnan border mountain areas | Number of counties in Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou rocky desertification area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50-60 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
60-70 | 44 | 30 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 7 |
70-80 | 53 | 32 | 1 | 39 | 1 | |
80-90 | 5 | 1 | 3 | |||
90-100 | 5 |
Note: In the table, there are 72 state-level poverty-stricken counties in Yunnan Province, excluding Dongchuan district, and 83 district-type counties in Yunnan Province, excluding Longyang district. These two regions are not included in the research scope of 120 counties analyzed in this paper due to lack of data. |
Fig. 3 The distribution diagram of the decreasing amplitude of rural poverty incidence and state poverty counties in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2015Note: b was drawn based on “the List of Key Counties in Poverty Alleviation and Development” issued by the leading group office of poverty alleviation and development under the state council in 2012. |
Table 3 The stepwise regression results for the incidence of rural poverty at the county level and influencing factors in Yunnan Province in 2010 |
Model variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | t | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. error | Beta | |||
Constant | -47.381 | 6.743 | -7.027 | 0.000 | |
X14 | 89.943 | 8.636 | 0.639 | 10.415 | 0.000 |
X2 | 41.589 | 9.082 | 0.281 | 4.579 | 0.000 |
Note: The dependent variable is Pi2010. |
Table 4 The stepwise regression results for the incidence of rural poverty at the county level and influencing factors in Yunnan Province in 2015 |
Model variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | t | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. error | Beta | |||
Constant | -16.347 | 2.810 | -5.817 | 0.000 | |
X14 | 32.811 | 3.889 | 0.581 | 8.437 | 0.000 |
X2 | 13.155 | 3.454 | 0.262 | 3.808 | 0.000 |
Note: The dependent variable is Pi2015. |
Table 5 The stepwise regression results of the rate of change of rural poverty incidence at the county level and influencing factors in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2015 |
Model variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | t | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Std. error | Beta | |||
Constant | -0.445 | 0.049 | -9.086 | 0.000 | |
RX1 | 1.003 | 0.361 | 0.0246 | 2.779 | 0.006 |
RX2 | 0.853 | 0.318 | 0.0238 | 2.686 | 0.008 |
Note: The dependent variable is RCi. |
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