Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Analysis on the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Water Conservation Services in Beijing
First author: XU Jie, E-mail: xuj.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
Received date: 2018-11-29
Accepted date: 2019-01-30
Online published: 2019-07-30
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0503403, 2016YFC0503706)
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20020402)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400411).
Copyright
The shortage of water resources is a key factor limiting the sustainable development of the economy and society in Beijing. This study analysed the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s water conservation services (WCS) based on the water balance equation at multiple scales, including city, main functional areas and key districts and counties, determined the differences in the water conservation amount among different land cover types and investigated the reasons for the spatiotemporal differences in the water conservation amount. The results indicated that: (1) compared to 2005, water conservation amount increased substantially in 2010. However, the overall water conservation capacity was low. (2) Among the various land cover types in Beijing, the average water conservation capacity decreased in the following order: wetland, forest, grassland, cropland, bare land and artificial surface. (3) The average water conservation amount in the main functional areas of Beijing varied substantially and was positive only in the ecological conservation area (ECA). (4) The water conservation capacity of each district and county varied substantially within ECA, among which the contribution of the forest in Miyun District, Huairou District and Pinggu District was the highest. The changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of Beijing’s WCS were the synthetic effects of changes in the land covers and meteorological conditions. This study is helpful in achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources in Beijing.
XU Jie , XIAO Yu , XIE Gaodi . Analysis on the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Water Conservation Services in Beijing[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019 , 10(4) : 362 -372 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.04.003
Fig. 1 The location and functional zoning of Beijing |
Table 1 Surface runoff coefficient of different land cover types in Beijing |
Land cover types | Surface runoff coefficient (%) | Location | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Forests | |||
Deciduous broadleaf forest | 1.31 | Yanqing | Ye, 2007; Huang, 2012 |
Evergreen/ Deciduous needleleaf forest | 0.93 | Mentougou | Huang, 2012; Lü, 2013 |
Mixed forests | 1.64 | Mentougou | Lü, 2013 |
Evergreen/ Deciduous broadleaf shrub | 4.02 | Mentougou | Lü, 2013 |
Arbor plantation/Arbor greenbelt | 9.14 | Huairou | Wang, 2011 |
Grassland | 9.57 | Huairou | Wang, 2011 |
Wetland | 0 | - | Xu et al., 2018 |
Cropland | |||
Paddy field | 0 | - | Xu et al., 2018 |
Dryland cropland | 22.95 | Huairou | Wang, 2011 |
Artificial surface | 65.00 | urban area of Beijing | Wang et al., 2011 |
Others | 32.88 | Huairou | Wang, 2011 |
Note: “-”means no data |
Table 2 Reference value of water conservation function importance coefficient ω |
Land cover types | Cropland | Forest | Shrub | Grassland | Artificial surface | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ω | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Fig. 2 Variation of precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and water conservation amount in Beijing |
Fig. 3 Spatio-temporal distribution of the average water conservation of Beijing in 2005 and 2010 |
Fig. 4 The spatio-temporal distribution of meteorological elements of Beijing in 2000-2007 and 2008-2015 (mm) |
Fig. 5 Average and total water conservation amount of the first land cover types of Beijing in 2005 and 2010 |
Fig. 6 Average water conservation amount of the second land cover types of Beijing in 2005 and 2010 |
Fig. 7 Variation of precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface runoff and water conservation amount of Beijing’s functional areas in 2005 and 2010 |
Fig. 8 Land cover types composition of Beijing’s functional areas |
Fig. 9 Land cover types of Beijing’s functional areas |
Fig. 10 The water conservation amount of different counties in Beijing’s Ecological Conservation Area |
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