Journal of Resources and Ecology >
Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Received date: 2018-08-05
Accepted date: 2018-11-21
Online published: 2019-01-28
Supported by
National Environmental Protection Strategy Decision Support (2023040019).
Copyright
Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.
DU Xiaolin , FENG Xiangzhao , ZHAO Mengxue , WANG Min . Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019 , 10(1) : 48 -55 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.01.006
Table 1 Symbols and parameters in the Cooperative Game Model |
Name & unit | Symbols |
---|---|
Annual bulk coal consumption in a region (104 t) | Ni |
The total amount of bulk coal replaced in a region (104 t) | N0i |
The annual amount of coal replaced in a region (104 t) | Nki |
The PM2.5 concentration in a region (μg m-3) | ai |
The proportional contribution of bulk coal to the PM2. 5 concentration in the region | αi. |
The proportional contribution of bulk coal of other places to the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei | βi |
The target PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2020 (μg m-3) | a0 |
The unit cost for replacing bulk coal with clean briquette in a region (Yuan t-1) | X1i |
The unit cost for replacing bulk coal with gas in a region (Yuan t-1) | X2i |
The unit cost for replacing bulk coal with electricity in a region (Yuan t-1) | X3i |
The proportion of bulk coal replaced by clean briquette/gas/electricity respectively in a region | γ1i/γ2i/γ3i |
The proportional constant of the amount of bulk coal consumption and the PM2. 5 concentration | li |
The cost per year in a region after optimization (104 Yuan) | Tki |
The total cost in a region after optimization (104 Yuan) | T0i |
The total cost after optimization (104 Yuan) | T |
The total cost before optimization (104 Yuan) | T0 |
The transfer volume of the fund (104 Yuan) | Ei |
Note: the values of i are 1, 2 and 3, referring to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei respectively; k refers to the year. |
Table 2 The amount and proportion of subsidies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (Unit: Yuan t-1) |
Region | Subsidy | Coal to gas | Coal to electricity | Bulk coal to briquette | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beijing | Input cost | 4400 | 18330 | 1200 | 23930 |
The amount of subsidy | 1330 | 11866 | 600 | 13796 | |
Proportion (%) | 30 | 64 | 50 | / | |
Tianjin | Input cost | 4400 | 18330 | 1000 | 23730 |
The amount of subsidy | 1330 | 11866 | 500 | 13696 | |
Proportion (%) | 30 | 64 | 50 | / | |
Hebei | Input cost | 4400 | 15000 | 900 | 20300 |
The amount of subsidy | 1200 | 9800 | 300 | 11300 | |
Proportion (%) | 27 | 65 | 33 | / |
Table 3 Governance cost and the amount of bulk coal to be replaced |
Region | Beijing | Tianjin | Hebei | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Governance cost (106 Yuan) | 717.392 | 712.192 | 1356 | 2785.584 |
The amount of bulk coal to be replaced by 2020 (104 t) | 520 | 520 | 1200 | 2240 |
The proportion of the amount of bulk coal to be replaced to the total amount for the region (%) | 23 | 23 | 54 | / |
Table 4 Cost comparison before and after optimization (Unit: 108 Yuan) |
Region | Beijing | Tianjin | Hebei | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cost before the optimization | 725 | 720 | 1350 | 2795 |
Cost after the optimization | 717.392 | 712.192 | 1356 | 2785.584 |
Capital saved | 7.608 | 7.808 | -6 | 9.416 |
Table 5 The distribution of cooperative benefit in Beijing (Unit: 108 Yuan) |
Region | {Beijing} | {Beijing, Tianjin} | {Beijing, Hebei} | {Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei} |
---|---|---|---|---|
W(|S|) | 1/3 | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/3 |
V(S) | 0 | 7.7796 | 7.875 | 9.416 |
V(Si) | 0 | 0 | 0 | -6.4844 |
V(S) - V(Si) | 0 | 7.7796 | 7.875 | 2.9316 |
W(|S|) × [V(S) - V(Si)] | 0 | 1.2966 | 1.3125 | 0.9772 |
Total | 3.5863 |
Table 6 The distribution of cooperative benefit in Tianjin (Unit: 108 Yuan) |
Region | {Tianjin} | {Beijing, Tianjin} | {Tianjin, Hebei} | {Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei} |
---|---|---|---|---|
W(|S|) | 1/3 | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/3 |
V(S) | 0 | 7.7796 | 6.4152 | 9.416 |
V(Si) | 0 | 0 | 0 | -7.1642 |
V(S) - V(Si) | 0 | 7.7796 | 6.4152 | 2.2518 |
W(|S|) × [V(S) - V(Si)] | 0 | 1.2966 | 1.0692 | 0.7506 |
Total | 3.1164 |
Table 7 The distribution of cooperative benefit in Hebei (Unit: 108 Yuan) |
Region | {Hebei} | {Beijing, Hebei} | {Tianjin, Hebei} | {Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei} |
---|---|---|---|---|
W(|S|) | 1/3 | 1/6 | 1/6 | 1/3 |
V(S) | 0 | 7.875 | 6.4152 | 9.416 |
V(Si) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.1991 |
V(S) - V(Si) | 0 | 7.875 | 6.4152 | 11.6151 |
W(|S|) × [V(S) - V(Si)] | 0 | 1.3125 | 1.0692 | 3.8717 |
Total | 6.2534 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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