[1] Bunker, D. E., DeClerck, F., Bradford, J. C., et al. 2005. Species loss and above ground carbon storage in a tropical forest. Science, 310, 1029–1031.
[2] Carpenter, S. R., Mooney, H. A., Agard, J., et al. 2009. Science for managing ecosystem services: beyond the millennium ecosystem assessment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 1305–1312.
[3] Chapin III, F.S., Randerson, J.T., McGuire, A.D., et al. 2008. Changing feedbacks in the earth-climate system. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(6), 313–320.
[4] Costanza, R., Groot, R. D., Sutton, P., et al. 2014. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 26(3), 152–158.
[5] Costanza, R., R, d’Arge., R, de. Groot., et al. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–260.
[6] Daily, G. C. 1997. Nature’s service: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Washington DC: Island Press.
[7] Eastman, R. J. 2012. Idrisi selva tutorial. Clark University.
[8] Fu, B. J., & Zhang, L. W. 2014. Land-use change and ecosystem services: concepts, methods and progress. Progress in Geography, 33(4), 441– 446. (in Chinese)
[9] Fu, B. J., Wang, S., Su, C. H., et al. 2013. Linking ecosystem processes and ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 5(1), 4–10.
[10] Gao, J. G. 2012. Land cover change and its relationship with climate change in Koshi River Basin of the Central Himalaya. PhD diss., University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. (in Chinese)
[11] Guan, D., Li, H., Inohae, T., et al. 2011. Modeling urban land use change by the integration of cellular automaton and Markov model. Ecological Modelling, 222, 3761–3772.
[12] Hou, P., Wang, Q., Shen, W. M., et al. 2015. Progress of integrated ecosystem assessment: Concept, framework and challenges. Geographical Research, 34(10), 1809–1823. (in Chinese)
[13] Hu, X. L., Xu, L., Zhang, S. S. 2013. Land use pattern of Dalian City, Liaoning Province of Northeast China based on CA-Markov model and multi-objective optimization. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24(6), 1652–1660. (in Chinese)
[14] Immerzeel, W., Stoorvogel, J., Antle, J. 2008. Can payments for ecosystem services secure the water tower of Tibet. Agricultural Systems, 96(1–3), 52–63.
[15] International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). 2016. Koshi basin information system. 2016-1-16[2016-6-20]. http://apps.geoportal.icimod.org/kbis/
[16] Kamusoko, C., Aniya, M., Adi, B., et al. 2009. Rural sustainability under threat in Zimbabwe: Simulation of future land use/cover changes in the Bindura district based on the Markov-cellular automata model. Applied Geography, 29, 435–447.
[17] Lafortezza, Raffaele., & Chen, J. Q. 2016. The provision of ecosystem services in response to global change: Evidences and applications. Environmental Research, 147, 576–579.
[18] Li, W. H. 2010. Progresses and perspectives of ecological research in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 1(1), 3–14.
[19] Liu, J. H., Gao, J. X., Nie, Y. H. 2009. Measurement and Dynamic Changes of Ecosystem Services Value for the Tibetan Plateau Based on Remote Sensing Techniques. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 25(3), 81–84. (in Chinese)
[20] Liu, X. F., Ren, Z. Y., Lin, Z. H. 2013. Dynamic assessment of the values of CO2 fixation and O2 release in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem. Geographical Research, 32(4), 663–670. (in Chinese)
[21] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis, Island Press, Washington, DC.
[22] Mou, X. J., Zhao, X. Y., Rao, S., et al. 2016. Changes of ecosystem structure in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Barrier Area during recent ten years. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 52(2), 279–286. (in Chinese)
[23] Nie, Y. 2010. Land cover changes in Mt. Qomolangma region. PhD diss., University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. (in Chinese)
[24] Sandhu, H., & Sandhu, S. 2014. Linking ecosystem services with the constituents of human well-being for poverty alleviation in eastern Himalayas. Ecological Economics, 107, 65–75.
[25] Tang, J., Wang, X. G., Li, Z. Y., et al. 2010. The tendency forecast on land use landscape pattern change in western Jilin Province based on CA-Markov model. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science), 40(2), 405–411. (in Chinese)
[26] Wang, Q., Chen, X., Yang, D. G., et al. 2012. Paying for Tibet’s Environmental-Ecosystem Services. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(10), 5264.
[27] Wu, Q., Wang, R. S., Li, H. Q., et al. 2006. Statistical properties of Markov chain in land use and landscape study. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17(3), 434–437. (in Chinese)
[28] Wu, X., Gao, J. G., Zhang, Y. L., et al. 2017. Land Cover Status in the Koshi River Basin, Central Himalayas. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 8(1): 10-19.
[29] Xie, G. D., Lu, C. X., Leng, Y. F., et al. 2003. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 18 (2), 189–196. (in Chinese)
[30] Yu, C., Zhang, Y., Claus, H., et al. 2012. Ecological and environmental issues faced by a developing Tibet. Environmental Science & Technology, 46 (4), 1979–1980.
[31] Zhang, Y. L., Gao, J. G., Liu, L. S., et al. 2013. NDVI-based vegetation changes and their response to climate change from 1982 to 2011: A case study in the Koshi River Basin in the middle Himalayans. Global and Planetary Change, 108, 139–148.
[32] Zhang, Y. L., Yao, Z. J., Liu, L. S., et al. 2016. Final report on study on land use and land cover change and erosion in the Koshi River Basin. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, China.
[33] Zhang, Y., S. Zhao, R. Guo. 2014. Recent advances and challenges in ecosystem service research. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 5(1), 82–90.
[34] Zhu, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, S. X., et al. 2015. Multicriteria decision analysis for monitoring ecosystem service function of the Three-River Headwaters region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 187(6), 1–19.
