The darkness, humidity and constant temperature of subterranean karst caves have produced specialized populations of animals with, unique behaviors and characteristics. Based on living habits, troglofauna can be divided into troglobites, troglophiles and trogloxenes. Since the beginning of research on karst troglofauna in China in the late 1970s, 131 new species of troglofauna have been discovered. A large amount of research has been conducted on the behavior and characteristics of troglofauna, and good progress has been made over the last few decades. Nevertheless, in view of the wide distribution and large quantity of karst caves throughout China, there remains much potential for futher research on Chinese troglofauna.