As a prerequisite for groundwater protection and contamination control, evaluation of groundwater contamination risk was the extension of groundwater vulnerability assessment. Based on disaster theory and using shallow groundwater of the lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain as the study area, we built an evaluation index system and a contamination index model for groundwater contamination risks from the perspectives of intrinsic vulnerability, external stresses, and functional value. We used data acquisition technology (remote sensing) and spatial analysis technology (GIS) to calculate the value of groundwater contamination risks. The spatial distribution of hotspots was obtained by calculating G index. Results show that groundwater contamination is above a mid-level risk in most of the study area. Areas with extreme high risk account for 37.86%, areas with high risk 32.47%, areas with moderate risk 12.07%, areas with light risk 3.17%, and areas with slight risk 14.43%. Hotspots areas are mainly located in central Shenyang City, northwest of Xinmin City, Beizhen City and Liaozhong County. Coldspots are mainly in Panjin City, Yingkou City, Dashiqiao City, Dawa County and Panshan County. The results reflect the spatial distribution and mechanism of groundwater contamination risk in the study area and provide relative references for land use planning and groundwater resource protection in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain.
SUN Caizhi*, CHEN Xiangtao, CHEN Xuejiao
. Evaluation and Hotspots Identification of Shallow Groundwater Contamination Risk in the Lower Reaches of the Liaohe River Plain[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2016
, 7(1)
: 51
-60
.
DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2016.01.007
[1] Cheng L R, Wang J S, Li Y S. 2009. On the groundwater protection strategies in China. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science) , 45(5): 564-567. (in Chinese)
[2] Collin M L, Melloul A J. 2001. Combined land-use and environmental factors for sustainable groundwater management. Urban Water , 3(3): 229-237.
[3] Cüneyt G, Mehmet A K, Resit N K. 2013. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nonpoint source pollution in a Mediterranean coastal zone (Mersin, Turkey) under conflicting land use practices. Ocean & Coastal Management , 71: 141-152.
[4] Daniels J I, Bogen K T, Hall L C. 2000. Analysis of uncertainty and variability in exposure to characterize risk: Case study involving trichloroethylene groundwater contamination at Beale Air Force Base in California. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , 123(1-4): 273-298.
[5] Dong W, Yang Y, Zhang X L. 2012. Spatio-temporal Variation of Urban Development and Water Resource Benefit in Oasis Cities of Xinjiang. Journal of Desert Research , 32(5): 1463-1471. (in Chinese)
[6] Finizio A, Villa S. 2002. Environmental risk assessment for pesticides: A tool for decision making. Environmental Impact Assessment Review , 22(3): 235-248.
[7] Foster S, Hirata R, Gomes, D, et al . 2002. Groundwater quality protection: A guide for water utilities, municipal authorities, and environment agencies. Washington D C: World Bank, 2-12.
[8] Hu E B. 2000. Technology and method of assessment of environmental risk. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2-3. (in Chinese)
[9] Jiang J, Dong D W, Yang G N, et al . 2010. Risk Assessment of Groundwater Pollution of Haidian District of Beijing. City Geology , 05(2): 14-18. (in Chinese)
[10] Jin C, Lu Y Q. 2009. Evolvement of Spatial Pattern of Economy in Jiangsu Province at County Level. Acta Geographica Sinica , 64(6): 713-724. (in Chinese)
[11] Lei, J, Zhang S C. 2003. Study on the groundwater vulnerability assessment in Tangshan plain area. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae , 23(1): 94-99. (in Chinese)
[12] Liang J. 2009. Research of solute transport and contamination risk in groundwater based on uncertainty theory. Changsha: Hunan University. (in Chinese)
[13] Liaoning Provincial Department of Water Resources. 2006. Liaoning Water Resources. Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Press, 4-14. (in Chinese)
[14] Li R Z. 2007. Assessment for environmental health of urban water supply source based on uncertain information. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 38(8): 895-900. (in Chinese)
[15] Lu Y, Xu L R, Chen S Y, et al . 2014. Combined Weight Method Based on Game Theory for Debris Flow Hazard Risk Assessment. Journal of Catastrophology , 29(1): 194-200. (in Chinese)
[16] Meng X M, Shu L C, Lu Y R. 2007. Modified DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessment based on entropy weight. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 38(1): 94-99. (in Chinese)
[17] Qi Y J, Yang Y, Jin F J. 2013. China's economic development stage and its patio-temporal evolution; A prefectural-level analysis. Acta Geographica Sinica , 68(4): 517-531. (in Chinese)
[18] Secunda S, Collin M L, Melloul A J. 1998. Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a composite model combining DRASTIC with extensive agricultural land use in Isreal' s Sharon region. Journal of Environmental Management , 54(1): 39-57.
[19] Sun C Z, Gao Y, Zhu Z R. 2013. Estimation of ecological water demands based on ecological water table limitations in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 33(5): 1513-1523. (in Chinese)
[20] Sun C Z, Pan J. 1999. Concept and assessment of groundwater vulnerability and its future prospect. Advances in Water Science , 10(4): 444-449. (in Chinese)
[21] Sun C Z, Xi X. 2014. Assessment of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability in the Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Plain under uncertain conditions. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources , 34(5): 1-7. (in Chinese)
[22] Sun C Z, Xi X, Dong L. 2015. An ArcGIS-based analysis of groundwater spatial structure and groundwater vulnerability in the lower reach of the LiaoHe River Plain. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 35(20): 6635-6646. (in Chinese)
[23] Sun C Z, Yang L. 2012. Ecological health assessment of groundwater in the lower Liaohe River Plain using an ArcView-WOE technique. Acta Ecologica Sinica , 32(4): 1016-1027. (in Chinese)
[24] Sun C Z, Zuo H J, Luan T X. 2007. Research on Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment of the Lower Liaohe River Plain. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) , 37(5): 943-948. (in Chinese)
[25] Sun X J. 2012. Study on screening and assessment methods of the emergency disposal technology of groundwater source. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology. (in Chinese)
[26] Teng Y G, Su J, Zhai Y Z, et al . 2012. A Review on the Overlay and Index Method for Groundwater Pollution Risk Assessment. Advances in Earth Sciences , 27(10): 1140-1147. (in Chinese)
[27] Wang G L, Zhou H C, Yang Q. 2000. A Multi-Objective Fuzzy Pattern Recognition Model for Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability Based on the DRASTIC System. Advances in Water Science , 11(2): 173-179. (in Chinese)
[28] Wang S J, Fei L J, Lei Y B, et al . 2009. Application Study of Two Kinds of Comprehensive Weight Combination Method Applied to Irrigation District's Evaluation. Journal of Xi'an University of Technology , 25(2): 207-211. (in Chinese)
[29] Yang Q, Luan M T, Chong J Z, et al. 1999. Study of application of DRASTIC index to assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution of Dalian city. Journal of Dalian University of Technology , 39(5): 684-688. (in Chinese)
[30] Yang Y, Liu Y, Jin F J, et al . 2012. Spatio-temporal variation of land and water resources benefit of north slope of Tianshan Mountains under the background of urbanization. Geographical Research , 31(7): 1185-1198. (in Chinese)
[31] Yan W B, Zhang X X, Yao J, et al . 2013. Research on Regional Development Spatio-temporal Changes in Yancheng Based on GIS. Geospatial Information , 11(2): 104-106. (in Chinese)
[32] Yang Y, Yu Y J, Wang Z Q, et al . 2013. Study on the Risk Assessment Method of Regional Groundwater Pollution. Environmental Science , 34(2): 653-661. (in Chinese)
[33] Zhang L J. 2006. Review on groundwater vulnerability and risk assessment. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 33(6): 113-119. (in Chinese)
[34] Zhou Y X, Li W P. 2008. Groundwater quality monitoring and assessment. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology , 35(1): 1-11. (in Chinese)
