GIAHS

World Heritage, Tourism Destination and Agricultural Heritage Landscape:The Case of Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, Canada

Expand
  • Dept.of Business Administration and Tourism and Hospitality Management, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3M 2J6

Received date: 2013-02-07

  Revised date: 2013-08-22

  Online published: 2013-09-28

Abstract

Grand Pré,Nova Scotia,an outstanding example of a traditional land-use that is representative of human interaction with a distinctive environment,has been presented for UNESCO World Heritage Site(WHS)designation.One of Canada's most fertile agricultural landscapes,it is also an iconic memorial site for a people who overcame a tragedy of forced migration-the Acadian Deportation-in 1755,which has since become the lure for significant numbers of tourists to the region.Now facing a double threat of agriculture change and tourism decline,Grand Préhas high expectations from its recent WHS designation (2012)and the perceived tourism that it will bring.This concept paper discusses Grand Préas a globally important agriculture heritage system and,in light of previous research,questions its expectations of WHS designation as a conduit for future economic viability and sustainability in the region.

Cite this article

E. Wanda GEORGE . World Heritage, Tourism Destination and Agricultural Heritage Landscape:The Case of Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, Canada[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2013 , 4(3) : 275 -284 . DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2013.03.011

References

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.2006.Economic backgrounder:Changing structure of primary agriculture.Ottawa:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Altieri M A.2004.Globally Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS):Extent,significance,and implications for development.In:GIAHS 2nd International Workshop.United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Benwah J S.2003.Who were the Mi'kmaq people?The Georgian Newspaper,Sept.16-22.

Byrant C.2001.Canada's rural population:Trends in space and implications in place.Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien,45(1):132-137.

CBC(Canadian Broadcast Corporation)News Archives.2012.Farm families under strain.http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/ story/2010/06/07/sask-nfu-report-farms-corporate-ownership.html. [2012-03-12]

CBC(Canadian Broadcast Corporation)News.2010.NFU warns of family farm takeovers.http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/ story/2010/06/07/sask-nfu-report-farms-corporate-ownership.html. [2012-03-12]

CBC(Canadian Broadcast Corporation)News.2003.The Acadians.http:// www.cbc.ca/acadian/timeline.html.[2012-03-12]

Crabb P.1985.Rural change in Prince Edward Island,Canada:An interactive of directive economy?Journal of Rural Studies,1(3):241- 251.

Daugstad K,K Ronningen,B Skar.2006.Agriculture as an upholder of cultural heritage?Conceptualizations and value judgements-A Norweigan perpective in international context.Journal of Rural Studies, 22(1):67-81.

Forth G,K Howell.2002.Don't cry for me,Upper Wombat:The realities of regional/small town decline in non-coastal Australia.Sustaining Regions, 2(2):4-11.

Forth G.2000.The future of Australia's declining country towns:following the yellow brickroad.Regional Policy and Practice,9(2):4-10.

Galston W A,K J Baehler.1995.Rural development in the United States:Connection theory,practice and possibilities.Washington,DC:Island Press.

Gannon A.1994.Rural tourism as a factor in rural community economic development for economies in transition.Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(1/2):51-60.

George E W,D Reid.2005.The power of tourism:A metamorphosis of community culture.Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change,3(2):88- 107.

George E W,H Mair,D Reid.2009.Rural tourism development:Localism and cultural change.UK:Channel View Publications.

George E W.2004.Commodifying local culture for tourism development:The case of one rural community in Atlantic Canada.Guelph,ON: University of Guelph.

Gilg A,R Yarwood,S Essex,et al.(Eds).2005.Rural change and sustainability:Agriculture,the environment and communities.UK:CABI Publishing.

Glasgow N,D L Brown.2012.Rural ageing in the United States:Trends and contexts.Journal of Rural Studies,28:422-431.

Guibert M,Y Jean.2011.Dynamiques des espaces ruraux dans le monde.France:Armand Colin.(in French)

Halseth G,S Markey,D Bruce.(Eds).2010.The next rural economies:Constructing rural place in a global economy.Oxfordshire,UK:CABI International.

Harrop S R.2007.Traditional agricultural landscapes as protected areas in international law and policy.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment, 121:296-307.

Ho P,B McKercher.2004.Managing heritage resources as tourism products,Asia Pacific.Journal of Tourism Research,9(3):255-266.

Howard P,R Puri,L Smith,M Altierri.2008.A scientific conceptual framework and strategic principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a social-ecological systems perspective.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Industry Canada.2011.Canada's national tourism strategy.Ottawa:Government of Canada.http://www.tourism.gc.ca/eic/site/034.nsf/ eng/00041.html.[2012-06-25]

Jansen-Verbeke M.2009.Tourismification of cultural landscapes:A discussion note.Resources Science,31(6):934-941.

Johnston A J B.2009.Report on the proposed outstanding universal value for Grand Pré.Nomination Grand Pré.http://www.nominationgrandpre. ca/.[2012-06-25]

Kirschner A,E H Berry,N Glasgow.2006.The changing faces of rural America.In:W.Kandel W and D L Brown(Eds.).Population Change and Rural Society.Dordrecht:Springer.

Knowd I.2006.Tourism as a mechanism for farm survival.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,14(1):24-42.

Koohafkan P,M A Altieri.2011.Globally important agricultural heritage systems:A legacy for the future.Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Landorf C.2009.Managing for sustainable tourism:a review of six cultural World Heritage Sites.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,17(1):53-70.

Marcouiller D W.1997.Towards integrative tourism planning in rural America.Journal of Planning Literature,11(3):337-357.

McManus P,J Walmsley,N Argent,et al.2012.Rural community and rural resilience:What is important to farmers in keeping their country towns alive?Journal of Rural Studies,28:20-29.

Nelson P B,A.Oberg,L Nelson.2010.Rural gentrification and linked migration in the United States.Journal of Rural Studies,26(4):343-352.

Nelson P B.2001.Rural restructuring in the American West:Land use, family and class discourses.Journal of Rural Studies,17(4):395-407.

Nomination Grand PréDossier.2011.The landscape of Grand Pré:World Heritage submission.http://www.nominationgrandpre.ca/dossier.html. [2012-03-12]

Nomination Grand Pré.2012.About Nomination Grand Pré.http://www. nominationgrandpre.ca/about.html.[2012-03-12]

Nova Scotia Department of Tourism,Culture and Heritage.2009.Nova Scotia tourism plan.Halifax,NS:Government of Nova Scotia.

Nova Scotia Economic and Rural Development and Tourism.2011a.Facts &figures:Key tourism indicators.Halifax:Government of Nova Scotia. http://www.gov.ns.ca/econ/tourism/research/facts-figures/key-tourism- indicators.asp#visits.[2012-06-25]

Nova Scotia Economic and Rural Development and Tourism.2011b.2011 Tourism plan.Halifax,NS:Government of Nova Scotia.

Nova Scotia Economic and Rural Development and Tourism.2012.A five year strategic framework for building the tourism economy.Halifax,NS:Government of Nova Scotia.

Paquette S,G Domon.2003.Changing ruralities,changing landscapes:Exploring social recomposition using a multi-scale approach.Journal of Rural Studies,19(4):425-444.

PediaView:Open Source Encyclopedia.2012.The New England planters. http://pediaview.com/openpedia/New_England_Planters.[2012-03-12]

Poria Y,A Reichel,A Biran.2006.Heritage site management:Motivations and expectations.Annals of Tourism Research,33(1):162-178.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.2007.The costs and benefits of World Heritage Site status in the UK:Case studies.UK:Department for Culture,Media and Sport.

Rebanks Consulting Ltd.2009.World Heritage Status:Is there opportunity for economic gain?UK:Lake District World Heritage Project.

Reid D,H Mair,E W George.2004.Community tourism planning:A self- assessment instrument.Annals of Tourism Research,31(3):623-639.

Reid D.2003.Tourism,globalization and development:Responsible tourism planning.London:Pluto Press.

Rivet C.2009.Management plan for the Grand PréWorld Heritage Site(First DRAFT).Nomination Grand Pré.

Rivet C.2011.Management plan for the landscape of Grand Pré.NS:Nomination Grand Pré.http://www.nominationgrandpre.ca/documents. html.[2012-03-12]

Statistics Canada.2001.2001 Census.Ottawa:Government of Canada.

Sun Y,M Jansen-Verbeke,MinQ W,ChengS K.2011.Tourism potential of agricultural heritage systems.Tourism Geographies:An International Journal of Tourism Space,Place and Environment,13(1):112-128.

UNESCO World Heritage Centre(WHC).2012.The list.http://whc.unesco. org/en/list.[2012-03-12]

VarBlarcom B,C Kayahan,C,A Mcleod.2009.Grand Pré:An economic impact assessment of a UNESCO World Heritage designation.Wolfville,NS:Acadia University.

Weaver D,D Fennell.1997.Rural tourism in Canada:The Saskatchewan vacation farm operator as entrepreneur.In:Page S and D Getz(Eds.).The Business of Rural Tourism.London:International Thompson Business Press,77-92.
Outlines

/