Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) are effective ways to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution from their source area to receiving water bodies. Characterization of BMPs in a watershed model is a critical prerequisite for evaluating their impacts on water quantity and water quality in a complex system. However, limited research has reported about the representation of BMPs in fully distributed models. This paper presents a stepwise procedure for representation of several BMPs and assessment of their hydrologic impacts with a fully distributed model, SEIM (Spatially Explicit Integrated Modeling). A case study is conducted in the 73 km2 Luoyugou watershed located in the Loess Plateau of China, where rainstorm erosion accounts for more than 60% of annual sediment load in average. Three BMPs are selected in this study including (ⅰ) conversion from farmland to forest, (ⅱ) terrace, and (ⅲ) no-till farming. These management practices are represented in the model through the alteration of model parameters characterizing their physical processes in the field. The results of scenario assessment for a historical storm event showed that the maximum sediment reduction after terrace is about 97.3%, the average sediment reduction after no-till farming is about 9.5%, and the average sediment reduction after conversion from farmland to forest is 75.6%.
WU Hui, LIU Yongbo, LIU Junzhi, ZHU A-Xing
. Representation of Agricultural Best Management Practices in a Fully Distributed Hydrologic Model：A Case Study in the Luoyugou Watershed[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2014
, 5(2)
: 179
-184
.
DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2014.02.011
Arabi M, J R Frankenberger, B A Enge, et al. 2008. Representation of agricultural conservation practices with SWAT. Hydrological Processes, 22(16): 3042-3055.
Arabi M, R S Govindaraju, M M Hantush, et al. 2006. Role of watershed subdivision on modeling the effectiveness of best management practices with SWAT. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 42(2): 513-528.
Azooz R and M Arshad. 1996. Soil infiltration and hydraulic conductivity under long-term no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 76(2): 143-152.
Borah D, M Bera and Xia R. 2004. Storm event flow and sediment simulations in agricultural watersheds using DWSM. Transactions of the ASAE, 47(5): 1539-1559.
Chow V T, D R Maidment and L W Mays. 1988. Applied hydrology.New York: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 1-572.
Edwards W and L Owens. 1991. Large storm effects on total soil erosion. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 46(1): 75-78.
Engel B A, K S Bracmort, M Arabi, et al. 2006. Modeling long-term water quality impact of structural BMPs. Transactions of the ASABE, 49(2): 367-374.
Foster G R. 1982. Modeling the erosion process. In:HaanCT, HP Johnson, DL Brakensiek (eds.). Hydrologic Modeling of Small Watersheds. Michigan: ASAE, 297-365.
Kang S, ZhangL, SongX, et al. 2001. Runoff and sediment loss responses to rainfall and land use in two agricultural catchments on the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrological Processes, 15(6): 977-988.
Lee J G, A Selvakumar, K Alvi, et al. 2012. A watershed-scale design optimization model for stormwater best management practices. Environmental Modelling & Software, 37(11): 6-18.
Liu J, ZhuA, LiuY, et al. 2014. A layered approach to parallel computing for spatially distributed hydrological modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software, 51(1): 221-227.
Liu X Z and Huang M B. 2003. Hydrologic behavior and effect of forest on regulation of river runoff in loesshilly and gully region. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas. 21(2): 72-76. (in Chinese)
Liu Y B and F De Smedt. 2004. WetSpa extension, documentation and user manual. Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Liu Y B and F De Smedt. 2005. Flood modeling for complex terrain using GIS and remote sensed information. Water Resources Management, 19(5): 605-624.
Liu Y, Fu B J, Lü Y H, et al. 2012. Hydrological responses and soil erosion potential of abandoned cropland in the Loess Plateau, China. Geomorphology, 138(1): 404-414.
Logan T J. 1993. Agricultural best management-practices for water-pollution control -Current issues. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 46(1-4): 223-231.
Lv J J, Yao Y Q, Wang Y H, et al. 2003. Effects of soil tillages on soil moisture in slop land. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 34(1): 74-76. (in Chinese)
Nash J E, J V Sutcliffe. 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models. Part 1: A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology, 10(3): 282-290.
Neitsch S, J Arnold, J Kiniry, et al. 2005. SWAT theoretical documentation version 2005. Temple, TX: Blackland Research Center.
Nejadhashemi A P, S A Woznicki, and C M Smith. 2011. Assessing best management practice implementation strategies under climate change scenarios. Transactions of the ASABE, 54(1): 171-190.
Tuppad P, N Kannan, R Srinivasan, et al. 2010. Simulation of agricultural management alternatives for watershed protection. Water Resources Management, 24(12): 3115-3144.
Wang R F, Qin B S, Huang C Z, et al. 2008a. Characteristics of typical rainstorm, flood and sediment yield in Luoyugou Watershed. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 6(4): 12-17. (in Chinese)
Wang Z K, He J J, Cai Q G. 2008b. Integrated control measures and their effects of small watershed in the rocky area of northern China. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 28: 11-16. (in Chinese)
Wu Q F, Zhang Y B, Wang J. 2004. Study on the benefits of level terrace on soil and water conservation. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2(1): 34-37. (in Chinese)
Yang G, Ding G D, Chang G L, et al. 2006. Study on improving soil properties of forest vegetation in different land where returning farmland to forests in loess plateau. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 13: 204-207. (in Chinese)
