Articles

Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Provided by 10 Typical Rice Paddies in China

Expand
  • Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received date: 2011-06-27

  Revised date: 2011-10-21

  Online published: 2011-12-22

Supported by

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05050203); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31140048, 30770410 and 31070384); Innovation Project of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS (200905010).

Abstract

Based on reference review, this study investigated ecosystem services supported by 10 typical rice paddies in six rice planting regions of China. The services were primary production, gas regulation, nitrogen transformation, soil organic matter accumulation, and water regulation and flood control. The results indicated that grain production of the 10 rice paddies was between 4.71 and 12.18 t ha-1 y-1; straw production was 4.65 to 9.79 t ha-1 y-1; gas regulation was calculated to emit O2 ranging from 8.27 to 19.69 t ha-1 y-1 and to assimilate greenhouse gases ranging from -2.13 to 19.24 t ha-1 y-1 (in CO2 equivalent); nitrogen transformation was estimated as nitrogen input ranging from 209.70 to 513.93 kg N ha-1 y-1 and nitrogen output of 112.87 to 332.69 kg N ha-1 y-1; soil organic matter accumulation was calculated to be between 0.69 and 4.88 t C ha-1 y-1; water regulation was estimated to consume water resources of 19875 m3 ha-1 y-1 and to support water resources of 6430 m3 ha-1 y-1; and flood control of several of the rice paddies was calculated to be 1500 m3 ha-1 y-1. The integrated economic value of ecosystem services of these rice paddies was estimated at USD 8605-21 405 ha-1 y-1, of which 74%-89% of the value can be ascribed to ecosystem services outside primary production. The results also indicated that the integrated economic value of the ecosystem services of the 10 rice paddies was higher when nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the range of 275 to 297 kg N ha-1. Until now, the economic value of the rice paddy ecosystem has been underestimated as only the economic value of grain and straw production was previously calculated. As more and more forest land and grassland is lost to urban and industrial use, cropland and especially rice paddies, will become more ecologically important to society. The economic value of ecosystem services supplied by rice paddies, outside primary production, are worthy of increased research attention.

Cite this article

XIAO Yu, AN Kai, XIE Gaodi, LU Chunxia . Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Provided by 10 Typical Rice Paddies in China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2011 , 2(4) : 328 -337 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2011.04.006

References

Björklund J, K E Limburg, T Rydberg. 1999. Impact of production intensity on the ability of the agricultural landscape to generate ecosystem services: an example from Sweden. Ecological Economics, 29(2): 269-291.

Bousquet P, P Ciais, J B Miller, E J Dlugokencky, D A Hauglustaine, et al. 2006. Contribution of anthropogenic and natural sources to atmospheric methane variability. Nature, 443(7110): 439-443.

Cai Z C, Shen G Y, Yan X Y, Tsuruta H, Yagi K, et al. 1998. Effects of soil texture, soil temperature and Eh on methane emission from rice paddy fields. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 35(2): 145-154. (in Chinese)

CNRRI. 1998. Regionalization of rice planting in China. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese) de Fraiture C, D Molden, D Wichelns. 2010. Investing in water for food, ecosystems, and livelihoods: An overview of the comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture. Agricultural Water Management, 97(4): 495-501.

DPNDRC. 2010. Compilation of cost and benefit data of agricultural products of China in 2010. Beijing: Chinese Statistical Press. (in Chinese)

Ferng J-J. 2005. Local sustainable yield and embodied resources in ecological footprint analysis—a case study on the required paddy field in Taiwan. Ecological Economics, 53(3): 415-430.

Godfray H C J, I R Crute, L Haddad, D Lawrence, J F Muir, et al. 2010. The future of the global food system Introduction. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 365(1554): 2769-2777.

Han X Z, Wang S Y, Song C Y, Qiao Y F. 2003. Fate of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy field of black soil region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 14(11): 1859-1862. (in Chinese)

Huang J B, Fan X H, Zhang S L, Ge G F, Sun Y H, et al. 2007. Investigation on the economically-ecologically appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in rice production in Fe-leaching-Stagnic Anthrosols of the Taihu Lake region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(2): 588-595. (in Chinese)

Huang W F. 2011. Analysis of the policy causes of pollution from agriculture fertilizers and its countermeasures. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 20(1): 193-198. (in Chinese)

IPCC (ed.). 2007. Agriculture. Cambridge, United Kingdom/New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.

Itoh M, S Sudo, S Mori, H Saito, T Yoshida, et al. 2011. Mitigation of methane emissions from paddy fields by prolonging midseason drainage. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 144(3-4):359-372.

Knoblauch C, A-A Maarifat, E-M Pfeiffer, S M Haefele. 2010. Degradability of black carbon and its impact on trace gas fluxes and carbon turnover in paddy soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(9):1768-1778.

Köel-Knabner I, W Amelung, Cao Z, S Fiedler, P Frenzel, et al. 2010. Biogeochemistry of paddy soils. Geoderma, 157(1-2): 1-14.

Lee C H, K D Park, Jung K Y, M A Ali, D Lee, et al. 2010. Effect of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as a green manure on rice productivity and methane emission in paddy soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 138(3-4): 343-347.

Li D Q, Wang J Z, Wan H F, Deng N R, Liu P. 1998. Law of non-point source pollutants losses in a typical small watershed of Dongjiang drainage basin of Guangdong province. Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, 4(3): 12-18. (in Chinese)

Li J, Wang M X, Chen D Z. 1997. Studies on mitigation of methane emission from rice field. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 18(6): 9-14. (in Chinese)

Li M Z. 2009. Status and countermeasures of farmland pollution by chemical fertilizer application. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 13(5): 65-67. (in Chinese)

Liang X Q, Chen Y X, Li H, Tian G M, Ni W Z, et al. 2007. Modeling transport and fate of nitrogen from urea applied to a near-trench paddy field. Environmental Pollution, 150(3): 313-320.

Liu J R, Zhang D Y, Wu J F, Liu L F. 1995. A study on nutrient cycling and utilizing patterns in paddy field. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 17(2): 105-109, 115. (in Chinese)

Luo L G, Wen D Z, Shen S M. 1999. Nutrient balance in rice field ecosystem of northern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 10(3): 301-304. (in Chinese)

Lv Y, Gu S Z, Guo D M. 2010. Valuing environmental externalities from rice-wheat farming in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Ecological Economics, 69(7): 1436-1442.

MWR. 2010. Report on statistics of water resource development of China Press of water resource and hydropower, Beijing. (in Chinese)

NBSC. 2010. China statistical yearbook of 2010. Beijing: China Statistical Press. (in Chinese)

Pan G, Zhou P, Li Z, Smith P, Li L, et al. 2009. Combined inorganic/organic fertilization enhances N efficiency and increases rice productivity through organic carbon accumulation in a rice paddy from the Tai Lake region, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 131(3-4): 274-280.

Qin Z, Zhang J E, Luo S M, Xu H Q, Zhang J. 2010. Estimation of ecological services value for the rice-duck farming system. Resources Science, 32(5): 864-872. (in Chinese)

Ren L X, Wang G C, Zhang R J, Duan C L, Khalil M A K, et al. 2002.

Methane emission from rice fields in the Chengdu Plain of China. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 26(6): 731-743. (in Chinese)

Rui W, Zhang W. 2010. Effect size and duration of recommended management practices on carbon sequestration in paddy field in Yangtze Delta Plain of China: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 135(3): 199-205.

Shi Y, Zhang L, Lu C Y, Yu W T. 2003. Decomposition process of organic carbon of different organic materials in meadow brown. Ecology and Environment, 12(1): 56-58. (in Chinese)

Tong C, Xiao H, Tang G, Wang H, Huang T, et al. 2009. Long-term fertilizer effects on organic carbon and total nitrogen and coupling relationships of C and N in paddy soils in subtropical China. Soil and Tillage Research, 106(1): 8-14.

Turner R K, S Georgiou, I-M Gren, F Wulff, S Barrett, et al. 1999. Managing nutrient fluxes and pollution in the Baltic: an interdisciplinary simulation study. Ecological Economics, 30(2): 333-352.

Verhoeven J T A, T L Setter. 2010. Agricultural use of wetlands: opportunities and limitations. Annals of Botany, 105(1): 155-163.

Wang K L, Huang G Q, Luo Q X, Li Z Z. 2010. Assessment of ecological services of rice paddies with multiple planting system in low mountain area of Jiangnan. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 22(11): 157-160. (in Chinese)

Wang Q X. 2010. Science selected shape for medical molecular sieve making oxygen equipment. Chinese Hospital Architecture & Equipment, (6): 77-79. (in Chinese)

Wang X Z, Gao R, Zhu J G, Cai Z C, Y Hosen. 2004. Nitrogen loss via runoff and leaching from employ of different urea bleeds in paddy season. China Environmental Science, 24(5): 600-604. (in Chinese)

Watanabe I and P A Roger (Ed.). 1985. Workshop of wetland soils, characteristics, classification and utilisation, Los Banos, Philippines. International Rice Research Institute.

Xiao T J, Yang Q S, Ran W, Xu G H, Shen Q R, 2010. Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on nitrogen and phosphorus utilization in upland rice-mungbean intercropping system. Agricultural Sciences in China, 9(4): 528-535.

Xiao Y, Xie G D, An K, Liu C L, Chen C C. 2011. Ecosystem services of wheat-maize cropland systems in the North China Plain. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 19(2): 429-435. (in Chinese)

Xiao Y, Xie G D, Lu C X. 2005a. Economic values of nitrogen transformation in rice field ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 16(9): 1745- 1750. (in Chinese)

Xiao Y, Xie G D, Lu C X, Ding X Z, Lu Y. 2005b. The value of gas exchange as a service by rice paddies in suburban Shanghai, PR China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 109(3-4): 273-283.

Xiong Z Q, Xing G X, Tsuruta H, Shi S L, Shen G Y, et al. 2003. Nitrous oxide emissions from paddy soils as affected by incorporation of leguminous green manure and fertilization duringdouble-cropping rice-growing season. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 40(5): 704-710. (in Chinese)

Xu H, Xing G X, Cai Z C, Tsuruta H. 2000. Effect of soil water regime and soil texture on N2O emission from rice paddy field. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 37(4): 499-505. (in Chinese)

Xu Q, Yang L Z, Dong Y H. 1998. The rice paddy ecosystems in China. Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Press. (in Chinese)

Yang J, Chen Y F, Hu F, Wang G C, Wu S Z. 1996. Research on the relation between methane emission flux and effect of applying different kinds fertilizer to late rice paddy-field in the Guangzhou area. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 17(2): 17-22. (in Chinese)

Ye Y Y, Zhang S L. 2002. Effect of nitrogen application skill on the yield and yield components of rice. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 30(3): 366-368. (in Chinese)

Yin J, Tian J C, Li P F. 2002. Experimental study on the deferent irrigation methods for rice. Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College, 23(2): 12-15. (in Chinese)

Yoshikawa N, Nagao N, Misawa S. 2010. Evaluation of the flood mitigation effect of a Paddy Field Dam project. Agricultural Water Management, 97(2): 259-270.

Yu B X. 2002. Analysis of the relation between rice yield and weather factor in high cold mountain area of Northwestern Qian. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Sciences, 30(3): 370-372. (in Chinese)

Yue J, Liang W, Wu J, Shi Y, Huang G H. 2003. CH4 and N2O emissions from phaeozem rice field and their mitigative measures. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 14(11): 2015-2018. (in Chinese)

Zhang D, Min Q, He L, Shengkui C, Fang J. 2010a. Value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic rice paddies: A case study in Wannian,

Jiangxi, China. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 8(2): 47-54. (in Chinese)

Zhang Q W, Zhang H, Yi J, Luo L, Zhang A, et al. 2010b. The fate of fertilizer derived nitrogen in a rice field in the Qingtongxia irrigation area. Acta Scientine Circumstantine, 30(8): 1707-1714. (in Chinese)

Zhang Y, Gu C. 2004. Financial assessment of Qingshan Reservior project.

Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 10(3): 146, 149. (in Chinese)

Zhu Z L. 2006. On the methodology of recommendation for the application rate of chemical fertilizer nitrogen to crops. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 12(1): 1-4. (in Chinese)
Outlines

/