Development of the PhysicalInput Monetary Output Model &nbsp;for Understanding Material Flows with in Ecological -Economic Systems

XU Ming

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2010.02.004

2010 , Vol. 1 >Issue 2: 123 - 134

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2010.02.004

Articles

Development of the PhysicalInput Monetary Output Model for Understanding Material Flows with in Ecological -Economic Systems

Expand

Brook Byers Institutefor Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,GA 30332-0595,U.S.A.

Received date: 2010-02-06

Revised date: 2010-04-30

Online published: 2010-06-30

Fold

Abstract

Input-output analysis (IOA) has been applied to study the integrated ecological-economic systems for decades. In this article, a physical input monetary output (PIMO) model is developed to aggregate economic systems with the associated ecological systems. The PIMO model utilizes economic information integrated in monetary input-output tables (MIOTs) and societal metabolism information provided by the method of material flow analysis (MFA). The fundamental process of applying PIMO model to practice is to make a PIMO table based on an existing MIOT. The computational framework of the PIMO model is then expressed by a set of mathematical correlations to represent mass balances of each economic sector and the entire economic system. Although there are four major categories of uncertainty in this approach, the PIMO model is relatively easy and sufficient to study an integrated national economic system and associated ecological system. A general algorithm of PIMO analysis is presented in this article and exampled with a case study on China’s economy. In the case study, a PIMO table for China’s economy is compiled with 43 economic sectors, 10 categories of resources, and 6 categories of wastes. Impacts on societal metabolism are studied by increasing final demands in different sectors. Each sector’s influence on specific categories of resources or wastes is also studied by the PIMO model. Finally, the PIMO model is applied to evaluate a particular policy established by the Chinese central government. Results suggest that specific scenarios are suitable to achieve the predefined environmental goals.

Key words： input-output analysis; ecological-economic systems; monetary input-output table; material flow analysis; societal metabolism

Cite this article

XU Ming . Development of the PhysicalInput Monetary Output Model for Understanding Material Flows with in Ecological -Economic Systems[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2010 , 1(2) : 123 -134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2010.02.004

References

Allenby B. 1999. Industrial ecology: Policy framework and implementation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Ayres R, L Ayres. 1996. Industrial ecology: Towards closing the materials cycle. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

Bullard C W, R A Herendeen. 1975. Energy cost of goods and services. Energy Policy, 3: 268–278.

Cyranoski D. 2007. China struggles to square growth and emissions. Nature, 446: 954–955.

Duchin F. 2004. Input-output economics and material flows. Rensselaer Working Papers in Economics. http://www.economics.rpi.edu/workingpapers/rpi0424.pdf

Editing Committee of China Environmental Yearbook. 2003. China environmental yearbook 2002. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)

Giljum S, K Hubacek, Sun L. 2004. Beyond the simple material balance: A reply to Sangwon Suh’s note on physical input-output analysis. Ecol. Econ., 48: 19–22.

Graedel T, B Allenby. 1995. Industrial ecology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Hannon B. 1973. Structure of ecosystems. J. Theor. Biol., 41: 535–546.

Hawkins T, C Hendrickson, C Higgins, H S Matthews, S Suh. 2007. A mixed-unit input-output model for environmental life-cycle assessment and material flow analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 1024–1031.

Hendrickson C, L Lave, H S Matthews. 2006. Environmental life cycle assessment of goods and services: An input-output approach. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.

Herendeen R A. 1978. Input-output techniques and energy-cost of commodities. Energy Policy, 6: 162–165.

Hoekstra R. 2003. Structural change of the physical economy: Decomposition analysis of physical and hybrid input-output tables. Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Ph.D. dissertation.

Hubacek K, S Giljum. 2003. Applying physical input-output analysis to estimate land appropriation (ecological footprints) of international trade activities. Ecol. Econ., 44: 137–151.

Hubacek K, Sun L. 2001. A scenario analysis of China’s land use and land cover change: Incorporating biophysical information into input-output modeling. Struct. Change Econ. Dynam., 12: 367–397.

Konijn P, S de Boer, J van Dalen. 1997. Input-output analysis of material flows with application to iron, steel and zinc. Struct. Change Econ. Dynam., 8: 129–153.

Kratena K, A Chovanec, R Konechy. 1992. Eine ökologischer volkswirtschaftliche Gesammtrechnung für Österreich. Die Umwelt Input Output Tabelle 1983. Vienna, Austria: Institut für sozial-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Forschung. (in German)

Kratterl A, K Kratena. 1990. Reale Input-output Tabelle und ökologischer Kreislauf. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag. (in German)

Kneese A, R Ayres, R d’Arge. 1970. Economics and the environment: A material balance approach. Baltimore, Maryland: The John Hopkins Press.

Leontief W. 1936. Quantitative input and output relations in the economic system of the United States. Review of Economic Statistics, 18(3): 105–125.

Leontief W. 1941. The structure of American economy, 1919–1939: An empirical application of equilibrium analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Leontief W. 1953. Studies in the structure of American economy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Leontief W. 1966. Input-output economics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Leontief W. 1970. Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: An input-output approach. Rev. Econ. Stat., 52: 262–271.

Liu J, J Diamond. 2005. China’s environment in a globalizing world. Nature, 435: 1179–1186.

Mäenpää I. 2002. Physical input-output tables of Finland 1995: Solutions to some basic methodological problems. The Fourteenth International Conference on Input-Output Techniques, Montreal, Canada, October 10–15.

Miller R, P Blair. 1985. Input-output analysis: foundations and extensions. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Moriguchi Y, Y Kondo, H Shimizu. 1993. Analysing the life cycle impacts of cars: The case of CO2. Industry and Environment, 16: 42–45.

Nakamura S, Y Kondo. 2002. Input-output analysis of waste management. J. Ind. Ecol., 6: 39–64.

Nakamura S, Y Kondo. 2006. A waste input-output life cycle cost analysis of the recycling of end-of-life electrical home appliances. Ecol. Econ., 57: 494–506.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2006. China input-output table 2002. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)

Nebbia G. Contabilità monetaria e contabilità ambientale. Economia Pubblica, 2000; 30: 5–33. (in Spanish)

Pedersen O. 1999. Physical input-output tables for Denmark, products and materials 1990, air emissions 1990-1992. Copenhagen, Demark: Statistics Denmark.

Peters G, E Hertwich. 2006a. Structural analysis of international trade: Environmental impacts of Norway. Econ. Sys. Res., 18: 151–181.

Peters G, E Hertwich. 2006b. The importance of imports for household environmental impacts. J. Ind. Ecol., 10(3): 89–109.

Peters G, E Hertwich. 2008. CO2 embodied in international trade with implications for global climate policy. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42: 1401–1407.

Stahmer C. 2000. The magic triangle of input-output tables. In: Simon S, J Proops (eds). Greening the accounts. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

Stahmer C, M Kuhn, N Braun. 1997. Physische Input-output Tabellen, Beiträge zu den Umweltökonomischen Gesamtrechnungen, Band 1. Stuttgart, Germany: Metzler-Poeschel Verlag. (in German)

Suh S. 2004a. A note on the calculus for physical input-output analysis and its application to land appropriation for international trade activities. Ecol. Econ., 48: 9–17.

Suh S. 2004b. Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological-economic model. Ecol. Econ., 48: 451–467.

Suh S. 2005. Theory of materials and energy flow analysis in ecology and economics. Ecol. Modell., 189: 251–269.

Suh S. 2006. Are services better for climate change? Environ. Sci. Technol., 40: 6555–6560.

United Nations. 1993. System of national accounts 1993. United Nations Statistics Division, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/sna1993/toctop.asp.

United Nations. 2003. Handbook of national accounting: Integrated environmental and economic accounting 2003. United Nations Statistics Division, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seea2003.pdf.

Weber C, H S Matthews. 2007. Embodied environmental emissions in U.S. international trade, 1997-2004. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41: 4875–4881.

Weisz H, F Duchin. 2006. Physical and monetary input-output analysis: What makes the difference? Ecol. Econ., 57: 534–541.

Worster D. 1994. Nature’s economy: A history of ecological ideas. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Xu M, Zhang T. 2007. Materials flow and economic growth in developing China. J. Ind. Ecol., 11(1), 121–140.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References