| Category | Variable | Data and description |
|---|---|---|
| Inputs | Capital (K) | The “perpetual inventory method” was used to estimate the capital stock. The calculation formula is: |
| Labor (L) | Employed population at the end of the year | |
| Land resources (B) | Urban construction land area (Bai et al., | |
| Water resources (W) | Total urban water supply minus domestic water consumption to obtain water resources input | |
| Energy (E) | The electricity consumption data automatically recorded by the meter is more accurate, and there is a high correlation between electricity consumption and energy consumption (Li et al., | |
| Desired output | GDP (U) | Real GDP was considered as the most important desirable output |
| Undesired outputs | Waste water (D) | Industrial waste water emission |
| Waste gas (S) | Industrial sulfur dioxide emission |
