Estimation of Critical Rainfall for Flood Disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

According to the results of The Second Comprehensive Scientific Expedition on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the balance of solid and liquid water on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is disturbed, and a large amount of solid water, such as glaciers and perpetual snow, is transformed into liquid water, which aggravates the risk of flood disasters in the Plateau. Based on the historical flood disaster records of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the flood disasters in the Plateau, and estimated the critical rainfall for the flood disasters combined with precipitation data from the meteorological stations in each basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that most of the flood disaster events in the Plateau are caused by precipitation, and the average annual occurrence of flood disasters is more than 30 cases and their frequency is on the rise. The high frequency areas of flood disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly in the Hehuang Valley and the Hengduan Mountains area; the secondary high frequency areas are located in the valley area of South Tibet and the peripheral area of the Hehuang valley. Finally, we found that the highest critical rainfall value of flood disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is in the southern area of the plateau, followed by the eastern and southeastern parts of the plateau, and the lowest values are in the central, western and northern parts of the Plateau.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, flood disaster, critical rainfall

MA Weidong, LIU Fenggui, ZHOU Qiang, CHEN Qiong, ZHANG Cungui, LIU Fei, LI Yanyan, ZHAO Pei. Estimation of Critical Rainfall for Flood Disasters in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(5): 600-608.

Figures/Tables 11

References 38

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Serial number	Date	P₅	P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	Precipitation of the day
1	1983-07-30	3.1	0.6	0.9	1.0	7.0	19.6
2	1984-08-06	0	2.8	3.6	0	0	16.4
3	1985-05-31	1.2	3.6	0	4.5	8.6	32.6
4	1985-06-17	0	1.1	3.1	18.0	20.7	18.7
5	1992-06-24	4.2	2.9	4.3	23.4	23.0	43.1
6	1999-09-02	11.1	1.0	2.9	2.7	17.9	16.8
7	2000-04-10	12.5	6.2	2.8	8.4	2.7	25.0
8	2006-09-12	7.2	0.1	11.1	17.0	5.2	34.9
9	2010-05-11	0.2	0.3	0.2	3.5	2.8	39.3
10	2010-06-07	0.7	5.1	7.8	16.5	10.6	37.5

Serial number	Date	P₅	P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	Precipitation of the day
1	1983-07-30	3.1	0.6	0.9	1.0	7.0	19.6
2	1984-08-06	0	2.8	3.6	0	0	16.4
3	1985-05-31	1.2	3.6	0	4.5	8.6	32.6
4	1985-06-17	0	1.1	3.1	18.0	20.7	18.7
5	1992-06-24	4.2	2.9	4.3	23.4	23.0	43.1
6	1999-09-02	11.1	1.0	2.9	2.7	17.9	16.8
7	2000-04-10	12.5	6.2	2.8	8.4	2.7	25.0
8	2006-09-12	7.2	0.1	11.1	17.0	5.2	34.9
9	2010-05-11	0.2	0.3	0.2	3.5	2.8	39.3
10	2010-06-07	0.7	5.1	7.8	16.5	10.6	37.5

Serial number	County	Date	P₅	P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	Precipitation of the day
1	Burang	1990-08-08	0	0	3.1	0	0	15.3
2	Shiquanhe	1999-08-09	5.3	0	1.4	16.0	0	18.3
3	Gerze	1999-08-11	0	2.1	0.1	0	0	11.9
4	Shiquanhe	2000-07-28	7.0	0	0	0.5	0	16.1
5	Bangoin	2002-06-08	1.3	0	1.3	12.6	0.4	10.8
6	Xainza	2002-07-19	0	0	0.9	0	4.8	12.1
7	Amdo	2002-07-28	2.9	12.7	8.9	1.8	0.9	21.0
8	Xainza	2003-07-06	2.0	4.2	2.6	0.2	0.3	17.9
9	Xainza	2003-09-06	3.3	2.6	5.0	1.6	0	12.5
10	Burang	2006-07-31	4.7	1.8	1.5	0.2	0	12.4
11	Gerze	2010-08-12	0	0	0.3	3.9	16.9	17.5

Serial number	County	Date	P₅	P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	Precipitation of the day
1	Burang	1990-08-08	0	0	3.1	0	0	15.3
2	Shiquanhe	1999-08-09	5.3	0	1.4	16.0	0	18.3
3	Gerze	1999-08-11	0	2.1	0.1	0	0	11.9
4	Shiquanhe	2000-07-28	7.0	0	0	0.5	0	16.1
5	Bangoin	2002-06-08	1.3	0	1.3	12.6	0.4	10.8
6	Xainza	2002-07-19	0	0	0.9	0	4.8	12.1
7	Amdo	2002-07-28	2.9	12.7	8.9	1.8	0.9	21.0
8	Xainza	2003-07-06	2.0	4.2	2.6	0.2	0.3	17.9
9	Xainza	2003-09-06	3.3	2.6	5.0	1.6	0	12.5
10	Burang	2006-07-31	4.7	1.8	1.5	0.2	0	12.4
11	Gerze	2010-08-12	0	0	0.3	3.9	16.9	17.5

Serial number	County	Critical rainfall value of flood disasters
1	Xining	36.12
2	Tongren	28.06
3	Qacuk	24.49
4	The other eleven stations	24.46