Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 543-554.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.04.012
• Regional Development • Previous Articles Next Articles
SUN Yehong1,2,3(), SONG Yuxin4, CHEN Yuexin4, YAO Cancan1, LI Wenhua3,*(
)
Received:
2021-01-15
Accepted:
2021-04-30
Online:
2021-07-30
Published:
2021-09-30
Contact:
LI Wenhua
About author:
SUN Yehong, E-mail: sunyehong@buu.edu.cn
Supported by:
SUN Yehong, SONG Yuxin, CHEN Yuexin, YAO Cancan, LI Wenhua. Sustainable or Not? Tourism Development in Agricultural Heritage Sites[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(4): 543-554.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.04.012
No. | System name | Location | Year of designation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rice-Fish Culture System | Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province | 2005 |
2 | Hani Rice Terraces System | Yuanyang County, Honghe County, Lvchun County and Jinping County, Yunnan Province | 2010 |
3 | Traditional RiceCulture System | Wannian County, Jiangxi Province | 2010 |
4 | Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System | Congjiang County, Guizhou Province | 2011 |
5 | Dryland Farming System | Aohan Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | 2012 |
6 | Traditional Tea Agrosystem | Pu’er City, Yunnan Province | 2012 |
7 | Urban Agricultural Heritage of Xuanhua Grape Gardens | Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province | 2013 |
8 | Kuaijishan Ancient Chinese Torreya | Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province | 2013 |
9 | Traditional Chinese Date Gardens | Jiaxian County, Shannxi Province | 2014 |
10 | DuotianAgrosystem | Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province | 2014 |
11 | Jasmine and Tea Culture System | Fuzhou City, Fujian Province | 2014 |
12 | Zhagana Agriculture-Forestry-Animal Husbandry Composite System | Diebu County, Gansu Province | 2017 |
13 | Mulberry-dyke and Fish-pond System | Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province | 2017 |
14 | Yellow River Old Course Ancient Mulberry Grove System | Xiajin County, Shandong Province | 2018 |
15 | Rice Terraces in Southern Mountainous and Hilly Areas | Longsheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; ChongyiCounty, Jiangxi Province; YouxiCounty, Fujian Province; Xinhua County, Hunan Province | 2018 |
Table 1 The GIAHS sites in China
No. | System name | Location | Year of designation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Rice-Fish Culture System | Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province | 2005 |
2 | Hani Rice Terraces System | Yuanyang County, Honghe County, Lvchun County and Jinping County, Yunnan Province | 2010 |
3 | Traditional RiceCulture System | Wannian County, Jiangxi Province | 2010 |
4 | Dong’s Rice-Fish-Duck System | Congjiang County, Guizhou Province | 2011 |
5 | Dryland Farming System | Aohan Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region | 2012 |
6 | Traditional Tea Agrosystem | Pu’er City, Yunnan Province | 2012 |
7 | Urban Agricultural Heritage of Xuanhua Grape Gardens | Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province | 2013 |
8 | Kuaijishan Ancient Chinese Torreya | Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province | 2013 |
9 | Traditional Chinese Date Gardens | Jiaxian County, Shannxi Province | 2014 |
10 | DuotianAgrosystem | Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province | 2014 |
11 | Jasmine and Tea Culture System | Fuzhou City, Fujian Province | 2014 |
12 | Zhagana Agriculture-Forestry-Animal Husbandry Composite System | Diebu County, Gansu Province | 2017 |
13 | Mulberry-dyke and Fish-pond System | Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province | 2017 |
14 | Yellow River Old Course Ancient Mulberry Grove System | Xiajin County, Shandong Province | 2018 |
15 | Rice Terraces in Southern Mountainous and Hilly Areas | Longsheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; ChongyiCounty, Jiangxi Province; YouxiCounty, Fujian Province; Xinhua County, Hunan Province | 2018 |
Index | Criteria |
---|---|
A/Demonstrate sustainable destination Management | A1-Sustainable destination strategy, A2-Destination management organization, A3-Monitoring, A4-Toursim seasonality management, A5-Cliamte change adaptation, A6-Inventory of tourism assets and attractions, A7-Planning regulations, A8-Access for all, A9-Property acquisitions, A10-Visitor satisfaction, A11-Sustainability standards, A12-Safety and security, A13-Crisis and emergency management, A14-Promotion |
B/Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts | B1-Economic monitoring, B2-Local career opportunities, B3-Public participation, B4-Local community opinion, B5-Local access, B6-Tourism awareness and education, B7-Preventing exploitation, B8-Support for community, B9-Supporting local entrepreneurs and fair trade |
C/Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and culture; minimize negative impacts | C1-Attraction protection, C2-Visitor management, C3-Visitor behavior, C4-Cultural heritage protection, C5-Site interpretation, C6-Intellectural property |
D/Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts | D1-Environmental risks, D2-Protection of sensitive environments, D3-Wildlife protection, D4-Greenhouse gas emissions, D5-Energy conservation, D6-Water management, D7-Water security, D8-Water quality, D9-Wastewater, D10-Solid waste reduction, D11-Light and noise pollution, D12- Low-impact transportation |
Table 2 Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria for Destinations (GSTC-D)
Index | Criteria |
---|---|
A/Demonstrate sustainable destination Management | A1-Sustainable destination strategy, A2-Destination management organization, A3-Monitoring, A4-Toursim seasonality management, A5-Cliamte change adaptation, A6-Inventory of tourism assets and attractions, A7-Planning regulations, A8-Access for all, A9-Property acquisitions, A10-Visitor satisfaction, A11-Sustainability standards, A12-Safety and security, A13-Crisis and emergency management, A14-Promotion |
B/Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts | B1-Economic monitoring, B2-Local career opportunities, B3-Public participation, B4-Local community opinion, B5-Local access, B6-Tourism awareness and education, B7-Preventing exploitation, B8-Support for community, B9-Supporting local entrepreneurs and fair trade |
C/Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and culture; minimize negative impacts | C1-Attraction protection, C2-Visitor management, C3-Visitor behavior, C4-Cultural heritage protection, C5-Site interpretation, C6-Intellectural property |
D/Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts | D1-Environmental risks, D2-Protection of sensitive environments, D3-Wildlife protection, D4-Greenhouse gas emissions, D5-Energy conservation, D6-Water management, D7-Water security, D8-Water quality, D9-Wastewater, D10-Solid waste reduction, D11-Light and noise pollution, D12- Low-impact transportation |
Fig. 1 The status of sustainable tourism development of Agricultural Heritage Sites from the perspective of sustainable tourism development indicators
Fig. 2 The sustainable tourism development of Agricultural Heritage Sites from the perspective of sustainable tourism development indicators Note: 1-15 are the GIAHS as Table 1 show.
Index | A/Demonstrate sustainable destination management | B/Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts | C/Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and culture; minimize negative impacts | D/Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 | A9 | A10 | A11 | A12 | A13 | A14 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D 10 | D 11 | D 12 |
1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
5 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
6 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
7 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
8 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
9 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||||
11 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||||||
12 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
14 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
15 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
Table 3 Evaluation table of sustainable tourism development of globally important Agricultural Heritage Systems in China
Index | A/Demonstrate sustainable destination management | B/Maximize economic benefits to the host community and minimize negative impacts | C/Maximize benefits to communities, visitors, and culture; minimize negative impacts | D/Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | A7 | A8 | A9 | A10 | A11 | A12 | A13 | A14 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | B9 | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D 10 | D 11 | D 12 |
1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||
2 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||
3 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
4 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
5 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
6 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
7 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||
8 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
9 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||||||||
11 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||||||
12 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||||||||||||
14 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||||||||||||||
15 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
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