Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (6): 632-640.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.06.008
• Ecosystem Services • Previous Articles Next Articles
Dhruba Bijaya G.C.1,2, BHANDARI Jyoti1,2, XU Zengrang3, LI Can1,*()
Received:
2019-08-30
Accepted:
2019-09-30
Online:
2019-11-30
Published:
2019-12-09
Contact:
LI Can
Supported by:
Dhruba Bijaya G.C., BHANDARI Jyoti, XU Zengrang, LI Can. Contribution of Community Forestry in Poverty Reduction: Case Study of Multiple Community Forests of Bajhang District, Nepal[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(6): 632-640.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.06.008
Description | Frequency | Percentage | Description | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Head of the family | ||||
<20 | 2 | 0.76 | Respondent | 180 | 68.7 |
20-40 | 144 | 54.97 | Father | 47 | 17.9 |
40-60 | 88 | 33.59 | Mother | 11 | 4.2 |
>60 | 28 | 10.68 | Husband | 24 | 9.2 |
Sex | Caste | ||||
Male | 192 | 73.30 | Brahmin | 30 | 11.5 |
Female | 70 | 26.70 | Chhetri | 139 | 53.1 |
Education | Disadvantaged groups (DAGs)# | 93 | 35.5 | ||
Primary | 22 | 8.4 | Wealth status | ||
Secondary | 17 | 6.5 | Rich | 4 | 1.5 |
High School | 38 | 14.5 | Middle | 24 | 9.2 |
University | 49 | 18.7 | Poor | 234 | 89.3 |
Literate | 37 | 14.1 | Family members | ||
Illiterate | 99 | 37.8 | <5 | 112 | 42.8 |
Occupation | 5-10 | 130 | 49.6 | ||
Farmer | 207 | 79 | 10-15 | 15 | 5.7 |
Housewife | 11 | 4.2 | >15 | 5 | 1.90 |
Shopkeeper | 4 | 1.5 | |||
Student | 26 | 9.9 | |||
Job holder | 14 | 5.3 |
Description | Frequency | Percentage | Description | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Head of the family | ||||
<20 | 2 | 0.76 | Respondent | 180 | 68.7 |
20-40 | 144 | 54.97 | Father | 47 | 17.9 |
40-60 | 88 | 33.59 | Mother | 11 | 4.2 |
>60 | 28 | 10.68 | Husband | 24 | 9.2 |
Sex | Caste | ||||
Male | 192 | 73.30 | Brahmin | 30 | 11.5 |
Female | 70 | 26.70 | Chhetri | 139 | 53.1 |
Education | Disadvantaged groups (DAGs)# | 93 | 35.5 | ||
Primary | 22 | 8.4 | Wealth status | ||
Secondary | 17 | 6.5 | Rich | 4 | 1.5 |
High School | 38 | 14.5 | Middle | 24 | 9.2 |
University | 49 | 18.7 | Poor | 234 | 89.3 |
Literate | 37 | 14.1 | Family members | ||
Illiterate | 99 | 37.8 | <5 | 112 | 42.8 |
Occupation | 5-10 | 130 | 49.6 | ||
Farmer | 207 | 79 | 10-15 | 15 | 5.7 |
Housewife | 11 | 4.2 | >15 | 5 | 1.90 |
Shopkeeper | 4 | 1.5 | |||
Student | 26 | 9.9 | |||
Job holder | 14 | 5.3 |
Major household resources/endowments | Conditioning/mediating factors | Livelihood strategies |
---|---|---|
Agricultural land ? Labor power ? Draught power (oxen) ? Livestock ? Farm implements ? Common property Resources ? Social capital ? Stores (seeds, food crops, other reserves) | ? Climate, especially rainfall condition ? Institutional and organizational factors (governing access to key assets, inputs, credit services, technical support) ? Population growth ? Infrastructure (road, market, irrigation water) ? Non-farm opportunities ? Market signals: input/output prices ? Human and livestock health ? Pests and diseases ? Socio-cultural factors (norms, values) ? Human security, law and order | Livelihood adaptation: Use of ? Farm management practices: soil and water conservation; use of improved seeds, organic, inorganic fertilizers, pest control and other yield increasing techniques ? Crop choice and mix Livelihood diversification: ? On-farm activities ? Off-farm activities ? Non-farm sources |
Major household resources/endowments | Conditioning/mediating factors | Livelihood strategies |
---|---|---|
Agricultural land ? Labor power ? Draught power (oxen) ? Livestock ? Farm implements ? Common property Resources ? Social capital ? Stores (seeds, food crops, other reserves) | ? Climate, especially rainfall condition ? Institutional and organizational factors (governing access to key assets, inputs, credit services, technical support) ? Population growth ? Infrastructure (road, market, irrigation water) ? Non-farm opportunities ? Market signals: input/output prices ? Human and livestock health ? Pests and diseases ? Socio-cultural factors (norms, values) ? Human security, law and order | Livelihood adaptation: Use of ? Farm management practices: soil and water conservation; use of improved seeds, organic, inorganic fertilizers, pest control and other yield increasing techniques ? Crop choice and mix Livelihood diversification: ? On-farm activities ? Off-farm activities ? Non-farm sources |
Strongly agree | Agree | Neutral | Disagree | Strongly disagree |
---|---|---|---|---|
42.3% | 32.6% | 25.1% | - | - |
Strongly agree | Agree | Neutral | Disagree | Strongly disagree |
---|---|---|---|---|
42.3% | 32.6% | 25.1% | - | - |
Indicators of biodiversity | Frequency |
---|---|
Plant richness/Vegetation abundance | Increasing/high |
Animal richness | Medium |
Soil fertility | Medium to low |
Topography | Highly uneven |
Water bodies | Available somewhere |
Timber extraction | Low |
Level of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) extraction | Medium |
Indicators of biodiversity | Frequency |
---|---|
Plant richness/Vegetation abundance | Increasing/high |
Animal richness | Medium |
Soil fertility | Medium to low |
Topography | Highly uneven |
Water bodies | Available somewhere |
Timber extraction | Low |
Level of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) extraction | Medium |
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