Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 559-568.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.05.013
• Eco-tourism • Previous Articles
ZHU He1,2,*(), WANG Jingru3, ZHANG Xiyue4
Received:
2019-04-05
Accepted:
2019-07-20
Online:
2019-09-30
Published:
2019-10-11
Contact:
ZHU He
Supported by:
ZHU He, WANG Jingru, ZHANG Xiyue. Comprehensive Assessment of Sustainable Tourism-oriented Revitalization in a Historic District: A Case Study of Qianmen Area, Beijing, China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(5): 559-568.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.05.013
Comparison with indicator i and j | Quantized value |
---|---|
Equally important | 1 |
Slightly important | 3 |
Significantly important | 5 |
Strongly important | 7 |
Extremely important | 9 |
The intermediate value of two neighboring judgements | 2, 4, 6, 8 |
Comparison with indicator i and j | Quantized value |
---|---|
Equally important | 1 |
Slightly important | 3 |
Significantly important | 5 |
Strongly important | 7 |
Extremely important | 9 |
The intermediate value of two neighboring judgements | 2, 4, 6, 8 |
First level | Weight | Second level | Weight | Score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Infrastructures & Environment | 0.2176 | Environmental quality | 0.0210 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect |
Service facilities condition | 0.0786 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Transport convenience | 0.0473 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Infrastructure quality | 0.0197 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Regional fame | 0.0511 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Industry & Economy | 0.2689 | Per capita GDP | 0.0159 | If it equal or above the whole urban average scored 5, else calculated for the proportion a. | ||||
Tertiary industry | 0.0167 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Visitor capacity | 0.0400 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Tourist satisfaction | 0.1246 | Scores from tourists’ satisfaction survey | ||||||
Degree of commercial agglomeration | 0.0580 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Abundance of business types | 0.0137 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Heritage protection | 0.3049 | Repair-rate of ancient buildings and relics | 0.0605 | The proportion of repaired ancient architectures multiply 5 b | ||||
Landscape-architecture coordination | 0.0231 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Degree of heritage utilization | 0.0569 | visitors’ available heritages ratio multiply 5 | ||||||
Heritage management quality | 0.0901 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Protection of native culture | 0.0743 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Residents’ living condition and participation | 0.2086 | Population density | 0.0187 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated | ||||
Per capita living space | 0.0585 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated a | ||||||
Per capita green area | 0.0939 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated a | ||||||
Community residents’ participation | 0.0374 | Scores from residents’ participation survey |
First level | Weight | Second level | Weight | Score | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
Infrastructures & Environment | 0.2176 | Environmental quality | 0.0210 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect |
Service facilities condition | 0.0786 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Transport convenience | 0.0473 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Infrastructure quality | 0.0197 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Regional fame | 0.0511 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Industry & Economy | 0.2689 | Per capita GDP | 0.0159 | If it equal or above the whole urban average scored 5, else calculated for the proportion a. | ||||
Tertiary industry | 0.0167 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Visitor capacity | 0.0400 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Tourist satisfaction | 0.1246 | Scores from tourists’ satisfaction survey | ||||||
Degree of commercial agglomeration | 0.0580 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Abundance of business types | 0.0137 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Heritage protection | 0.3049 | Repair-rate of ancient buildings and relics | 0.0605 | The proportion of repaired ancient architectures multiply 5 b | ||||
Landscape-architecture coordination | 0.0231 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Degree of heritage utilization | 0.0569 | visitors’ available heritages ratio multiply 5 | ||||||
Heritage management quality | 0.0901 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Protection of native culture | 0.0743 | Bad | Low | General | Good | Prefect | ||
Residents’ living condition and participation | 0.2086 | Population density | 0.0187 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated | ||||
Per capita living space | 0.0585 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated a | ||||||
Per capita green area | 0.0939 | If greater than or equal to urban average, score is 5; if less, a proportion is calculated a | ||||||
Community residents’ participation | 0.0374 | Scores from residents’ participation survey |
First level (score) | Second level | Score |
---|---|---|
Infrustracture & Environment (4.56) | Environmental quality | 4.30 |
Service facilities condition | 4.33 | |
Transport convenience | 4.78 | |
Infrastructure quality | 4.43 | |
Regional fame | 4.85 | |
Industry & Economy (4.29) | Per capita GDP | 5.00 |
Tertiary industry | 5.00 | |
Visitor capacity | 5.00 | |
Tourist satisfaction | 3.66 | |
Degree of commercial agglomeration | 4.72 | |
Abundance of business types | 4.46 | |
Heritage protection (3.82) | Repair-rate of ancient buildings and relics | 3.00 |
Landscape-architecture coordination | 4.20 | |
Degree of heritage utilization | 4.00 | |
Heritage management quality | 3.87 | |
Protection of native culture | 4.17 | |
Residents’ living condition and participation (2.16) | Population density | 0.29 |
Per capita living space | 4.37 | |
Per capita green area | 1.61 | |
Community residents’ participation | 1.00 |
First level (score) | Second level | Score |
---|---|---|
Infrustracture & Environment (4.56) | Environmental quality | 4.30 |
Service facilities condition | 4.33 | |
Transport convenience | 4.78 | |
Infrastructure quality | 4.43 | |
Regional fame | 4.85 | |
Industry & Economy (4.29) | Per capita GDP | 5.00 |
Tertiary industry | 5.00 | |
Visitor capacity | 5.00 | |
Tourist satisfaction | 3.66 | |
Degree of commercial agglomeration | 4.72 | |
Abundance of business types | 4.46 | |
Heritage protection (3.82) | Repair-rate of ancient buildings and relics | 3.00 |
Landscape-architecture coordination | 4.20 | |
Degree of heritage utilization | 4.00 | |
Heritage management quality | 3.87 | |
Protection of native culture | 4.17 | |
Residents’ living condition and participation (2.16) | Population density | 0.29 |
Per capita living space | 4.37 | |
Per capita green area | 1.61 | |
Community residents’ participation | 1.00 |
[1] | Aas C, Ladkin A, Fletcher J . 2005. Stakeholder collaboration and heritage management. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1):28-48. |
[2] | Al-Kheder S, Haddad N, Fakhoury L , et al. 2009. A GIS analysis of the impact of modern practices and polices on the urban heritage of Irbid, Jordan. Cities, 26(2):81-92. |
[3] | Alleyne D, Boxill I . 2003. The impact of crime on tourist arrivals in Jamaica. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(5):381-391. |
[4] | Andriotis K, Vaughan R D . 2003. Urban residents' attitudes toward tourism development: the case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research, 42(2):172-185. |
[5] | Ashworth G J, Tunbridge J E . 2000. The tourist-historic city. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 18(1):156. |
[6] | Banskota K, Sharma B . 1998. Mountain tourism for local community development in Nepal. A case study of Syaphrubesi, Langtang National Park. Discussion Paper Series - Mountain Enterprises and Infrastructure, ICIMOD. |
[7] | Benton P, Scott P, Hawkins D , et al. 1992. Design standards and guidelines for the city of dover historic district zone. Pattern Recognition Letters, 33(4-5):741-756. |
[8] | Buckley R . 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2):528-546. |
[9] | Carter B, Grimwade G . 1997. Balancing use and preservation in cultural heritage management. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 3(1):45-53. |
[10] | Coleman S, Crang M . 2002. Tourism: Between place and performance. Contemporary Sociology, 32(6):723. |
[11] | Ferreira P, Araújo M, O’Kelly M E J . 2010. The integration of social concerns into electricity power planning: A combined Delphi and AHP approach. In: Rebennack et al. (eds.), Handbook of Power Systems I, Energy Systems, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02493-1_15. |
[12] | Garcia D A, Cumo F, Sforzini V , et al. 2015. Eco friendly service buildings and facilities for sustainable tourism and environmental awareness in protected areas. Wit Transactions on Ecology & the Environment, 161:131-138. |
[13] | Glaeser E L, Kolko J, Saiz A . 2001. Consumer city. Journal of Economic Geography, 1(1):27-50. |
[14] | Hall D, Kirkpatrick I, Mitchell M , et al. 2005. Rural tourism and sustainable business. Channel View Publications: UK, Frankfurt Lodge. |
[15] | He S, Wu F . 2010. Property-led redevelopment in post-reform China: A case study of Xintiandi Redevelopment Project in Shanghai. Journal of Urban Affairs, 27(1):1-23. |
[16] | Healy R G . 1994. The “common pool” problem in tourism landscapes. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3):596-611. |
[17] | Hu C, Cong G . 2016. Creating an ecological historic district: Rethinking a Chinese challenge through the case of Oakland District, Pittsburgh. Procedia Engineering, 145:1572-1579. |
[18] | Idajati H . 2014. Cultural and tourism planning as tool for city revitalization: The case study of Kalimas River, Surabaya-indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 135(135):136-141. |
[19] | Kim M, Thapa B, Kim J . 2017. Community reactions to tourism development: how does governmental fairness work? Journal of Environmental Planning & Management, (5). DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2017.1354815. |
[20] | Kocabaş A . 2006. Urban conservation in Istanbul: Evaluation and re-conceptualisation. Habitat International, 30(1):107-126. |
[21] | Kong D . 1992. The destruction of ancient ecological environment and the movement of civilization center in China. Chinese Geographical Science, 2(4):382-388. |
[22] | Kou H, Zhou J, Chen J , et al. 2018. Conservation for sustainable development: The sustainability evaluation of the Xijie Historic District, Dujiangyan City, China. Sustainability, 10:4645. |
[23] | Kovacs J F, Galvin K J, Shipley R . 2015. Assessing the success of Heritage Conservation Districts: Insights from Ontario, Canada. Cities, 45:123-132. |
[24] | Lu L, Chi C G, Liu Y . 2015. Authenticity, involvement, and image: Evaluating tourist experiences at historic districts. Tourism Management, 50:85-96. |
[25] | Mah A. 2012. Industrial Ruination, Community and Place: Landscapes and Legacies of Urban Decline. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. |
[26] | Mathieson A, Wall G . 1982. Tourism, economic, physical and social impacts. Geographical Review, 73(4):466. |
[27] | Mayor M F . 1973. Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage. Museum International, 25(1-2):452-458. |
[28] | Mckercher B, Ho P S Y, Cros H D . 2005. Relationship between tourism and cultural heritage management: Evidence from Hong Kong. Tourism Management, 26(4):539-548. |
[29] | Mensah J V, Arthur S N A . 2006. Urban management and heritage tourism for sustainable development. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 17(3):299-312. |
[30] | Millar S . 1989. Heritage management for heritage tourism. Tourism Management, 10(1):9-14. |
[31] | Moscardo G. . 2000. Cultural and heritage tourism: The great debates. In: Faulkner B, Moscardo G, Laws E. (eds.) Tourism in the 21st Century: Lessons From Experience. Continuum, London, England:3-17. |
[32] | Naoi T, Airey D, Iijima S , et al. 2006. Visitors’ evaluation of an historical district: Repertory grid analysis and laddering analysis with photographs. Tourism Management, 27(3):420-436. |
[33] | Naoi T, Airey D, Iijima S , et al. 2007. Towards a theory of visitors’ evaluation of historical districts as tourism destinations: Frameworks and methods. Journal of Business Research, 60(4):396-400. |
[34] | Naoi T, Yamada T, Iijima S , et al. 2011. Applying the caption evaluation method to studies of visitors’ evaluation of historical districts. Tourism Management, 32(5):1061-1074. |
[35] | Nasser N . 2003. Planning for Urban Heritage Places: Reconciling Conservation, Tourism, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Planning Literature, 17(4):467-479. |
[36] | Parasuraman A . 1985. A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4):41-50. |
[37] | Prentice R . 1993. Tourism and Heritage Attractions. London: New York: Routledge. |
[38] | Rees W, Wackernagel M . 2008. Urban Ecological Footprints: Why Cities Cannot be Sustainable—and Why They are a Key to Sustainability, New York, USA: Springer. |
[39] | Ruan Y, Meng S . 2001. Research on the protection and planning of historic districts in China. Urban Planning, 25(10):25-32. (in Chinese) |
[40] | Saaty T L . 1994. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 24(6):19-43. |
[41] | Shin H B . 2010. Urban conservation and revalorisation of dilapidated historic quarters: The case of Nanluoguxiang in Beijing. Cities, 27(27):S43-S54. |
[42] | Smith L . 2014. Uses of Heritage. London; New York: Routledge. |
[43] | Steinberg F . 1996. Conservation and rehabilitation of urban heritage in developing countries. Habitat International, 20(3):463-475. |
[44] | Swarbrooke J . 1999. Sustainable tourism management. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2):523-525. |
[45] | Sykes O, Ludwig C . 2015. Defining and managing the historic urban landscape: Reflections on the english experience and some stories from Liverpool. European Spatial Research & Policy, 22(2):9-35. |
[46] | Tao Z, Zhou Y, Liu G . 2017. Comparison of critical success paths for historic district renovation and redevelopment projects in China. Habitat International, 67:54-68. |
[47] | Thomas C . 1989. A knowledge that would not be power: Adorno, Nostalgia, and the historicity of the Musical Subject. New German Critique, 104(48):155-175. |
[48] | Tiesdell S, Heath T, Oc T. 1996. Revitalizing Historic Urban Quarters. Princeton: Architectural Press. |
[49] | Wedow S, Maccannell D . 2013. The tourist: A new theory of the leisure class. Contemporary Sociology, 6(2):200. |
[50] | Wood L . 1994. The conservation and management of historic urban space. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 1(2):111-125. |
[51] | Yung E H K, Chan E H W, Xu Y . 2014. Sustainable development and the rehabilitation of a historic urban district: Social sustainability in the case of Tianzifang in Shanghai. Sustainable Development, 22(2):95-112. |
[52] | Zagroba M . 2017. Modern methods of measuring and modelling architectural objects in the process of their valorisation. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 245(5):052083. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052083. |
[53] | Zhu Q . 2007. Historic district conservation in China: Assessment and prospects. Traditional Dwellings & Settlements Review, 19(1):59-76. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||