Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 650-657.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.05.008
• Ecosystem Assessment • Previous Articles Next Articles
YAO Yunxiao(), WANG Wen*(
), YANG Wenting, ZHANG Qihao
Received:
2020-10-12
Accepted:
2021-02-25
Online:
2021-09-30
Published:
2021-11-30
Contact:
WANG Wen
About author:
YAO Yunxiao, E-mail: yaoyunxiao@ruc.edu.cn
Supported by:
YAO Yunxiao, WANG Wen, YANG Wenting, ZHANG Qihao. Assessing the Health of Inland Wetland Ecosystems over Space and Time in China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(5): 650-657.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.05.008
Primary indicators | Secondary indicators | Measures | Positive/ Negative |
---|---|---|---|
Pressure | Artificial pressure | Population density (people.km-2) | ‒ |
GDP per unit area (yuan km-2) | ‒ | ||
Urbanization rate (%) | ‒ | ||
Pressure of cultivated land (%) | ‒ | ||
Distance to road (m) | + | ||
State | Vigor | Average annual precipitation (mm) | + |
Geomorphic types | + | ||
Shrub and grass rate (%) | + | ||
Terrain slope (°) | ‒ | ||
Organizational structure | Patch density | + | |
Mean fractal dimension | + | ||
Effect | Resilience | Surrounding patch types | + |
Nature response | Land degradation rate (%) | ‒ | |
Soil erosion (t) | ‒ | ||
Response | Wetland response | Wetland area change rate (%) | + |
Table 1 Indicator system for assessment of wetland ecosystem health
Primary indicators | Secondary indicators | Measures | Positive/ Negative |
---|---|---|---|
Pressure | Artificial pressure | Population density (people.km-2) | ‒ |
GDP per unit area (yuan km-2) | ‒ | ||
Urbanization rate (%) | ‒ | ||
Pressure of cultivated land (%) | ‒ | ||
Distance to road (m) | + | ||
State | Vigor | Average annual precipitation (mm) | + |
Geomorphic types | + | ||
Shrub and grass rate (%) | + | ||
Terrain slope (°) | ‒ | ||
Organizational structure | Patch density | + | |
Mean fractal dimension | + | ||
Effect | Resilience | Surrounding patch types | + |
Nature response | Land degradation rate (%) | ‒ | |
Soil erosion (t) | ‒ | ||
Response | Wetland response | Wetland area change rate (%) | + |
Vegetation coverage (%) | Slope | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 5° | 5°-8° | 8°-15° | 15°-25° | 25°-35° | > 35° | |
> 75 | Not obvious | Micro | Micro | Micro | Micro | Micro |
60-75 | Micro | Mild | Mild | Mild | Moderate | High |
45-60 | Micro | Mild | Mild | Moderate | High | Strong |
30-45 | Micro | Mild | Moderate | High | Strong | Extremely strong |
< 30 | Micro | Moderate | High | Strong | Extremely strong | Severe |
Table 2 Soil erosion criteria
Vegetation coverage (%) | Slope | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 5° | 5°-8° | 8°-15° | 15°-25° | 25°-35° | > 35° | |
> 75 | Not obvious | Micro | Micro | Micro | Micro | Micro |
60-75 | Micro | Mild | Mild | Mild | Moderate | High |
45-60 | Micro | Mild | Mild | Moderate | High | Strong |
30-45 | Micro | Mild | Moderate | High | Strong | Extremely strong |
< 30 | Micro | Moderate | High | Strong | Extremely strong | Severe |
Rank | Better | Good | Moderate | Poor |
---|---|---|---|---|
WEHI | WEHI≥4 | 4>WEHI≥3 | 3>WEHI≥2 | 2>WEHI |
Area (km2) | 84275.72 | 148684.2 | 86198.36 | 1602.2 |
Table 3 WEHI reclassification standards
Rank | Better | Good | Moderate | Poor |
---|---|---|---|---|
WEHI | WEHI≥4 | 4>WEHI≥3 | 3>WEHI≥2 | 2>WEHI |
Area (km2) | 84275.72 | 148684.2 | 86198.36 | 1602.2 |
Goal | Criteria | Alternative | Comprehensive weight | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator | Weight | ||||
Wetland ecosystem health | Pressure (0.3701) | Artificial pressure (1.0000) | Population density | 0.3130 | 0.1158 |
GDP | 0.3130 | 0.1158 | |||
Urbanization rate | 0.0988 | 0.0366 | |||
Pressure index of cultivated land | 0.0988 | 0.0366 | |||
Distance to road | 0.1765 | 0.0653 | |||
State (0.1850) | Vigor (0.5000) | Average annual precipitation | 0.4547 | 0.0421 | |
Geomorphic types | 0.1411 | 0.0131 | |||
Terrain slope | 0.1411 | 0.0131 | |||
Shrub and grass rate | 0.2630 | 0.0243 | |||
Organization structure (0.5000) | Patch density | 0.5000 | 0.0463 | ||
Mean fractal dimension | 0.5000 | 0.0463 | |||
Effect (0.0998) | Resilience (0.5000) | Surrounding patch types | 0.5000 | 0.0499 | |
Nature response (0.5000) | Land degradation rate | 0.2500 | 0.0250 | ||
Soil erosion | 0.2500 | 0.0250 | |||
Response (0.3451) | Wetland area changing rate | 1.0000 | 0.3451 |
Table 4 Weights of evaluation factors
Goal | Criteria | Alternative | Comprehensive weight | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator | Weight | ||||
Wetland ecosystem health | Pressure (0.3701) | Artificial pressure (1.0000) | Population density | 0.3130 | 0.1158 |
GDP | 0.3130 | 0.1158 | |||
Urbanization rate | 0.0988 | 0.0366 | |||
Pressure index of cultivated land | 0.0988 | 0.0366 | |||
Distance to road | 0.1765 | 0.0653 | |||
State (0.1850) | Vigor (0.5000) | Average annual precipitation | 0.4547 | 0.0421 | |
Geomorphic types | 0.1411 | 0.0131 | |||
Terrain slope | 0.1411 | 0.0131 | |||
Shrub and grass rate | 0.2630 | 0.0243 | |||
Organization structure (0.5000) | Patch density | 0.5000 | 0.0463 | ||
Mean fractal dimension | 0.5000 | 0.0463 | |||
Effect (0.0998) | Resilience (0.5000) | Surrounding patch types | 0.5000 | 0.0499 | |
Nature response (0.5000) | Land degradation rate | 0.2500 | 0.0250 | ||
Soil erosion | 0.2500 | 0.0250 | |||
Response (0.3451) | Wetland area changing rate | 1.0000 | 0.3451 |
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