Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2020, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (4): 425-434.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.04.011
• Eco-tourism • Previous Articles
ZHANG Kaixuan1,*(), WANG Xiaoling2, SHI Jiaying3, ZHANG Xijin2, ZHU Qichong2
Received:
2020-02-29
Accepted:
2020-04-13
Online:
2020-07-30
Published:
2020-09-30
Contact:
ZHANG Kaixuan
Supported by:
ZHANG Kaixuan, WANG Xiaoling, SHI Jiaying, ZHANG Xijin, ZHU Qichong. Residents’ Perception of the Recreational Value of Forest Parks: A Case Study in Shanghai, China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(4): 425-434.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2020.04.011
Location type | Forest park | Park area (ha) | Year opened | Questionnaire number | Number of valid respondents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suburban | Gongqing National Forest Park | 131 | 2005 | 100 | 87 |
Suburban | Gucun Country Forest Park | 350 | 2011 | 100 | 95 |
Suburban | Pujiang Country Forest Park | 582 | 2017 | 190 | 174 |
Rural | Sheshan National Forest Park | 401 | 1993 | 120 | 95 |
Rural | Haiwan National Forest Park | 433 | 2004 | 140 | 113 |
Rural | Dongping National Forest Park | 355 | 1993 | 100 | 94 |
Table 1 Forest parks selected in the suburbs and rural areas of Shanghai
Location type | Forest park | Park area (ha) | Year opened | Questionnaire number | Number of valid respondents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suburban | Gongqing National Forest Park | 131 | 2005 | 100 | 87 |
Suburban | Gucun Country Forest Park | 350 | 2011 | 100 | 95 |
Suburban | Pujiang Country Forest Park | 582 | 2017 | 190 | 174 |
Rural | Sheshan National Forest Park | 401 | 1993 | 120 | 95 |
Rural | Haiwan National Forest Park | 433 | 2004 | 140 | 113 |
Rural | Dongping National Forest Park | 355 | 1993 | 100 | 94 |
Category | Classification | Description |
---|---|---|
Psychological | Enjoying nature | A place where residents can be close to nature and perceive the scenery |
Psychological | Artistic creation | A site to create artistic works, such as photographs or paintings |
Psychological | Acquiring knowledge | A place for residents to acquire scientific knowledge |
Physical | Physical exercise | A field in which to conduct physical exercise |
Physical | Exploration activity | A place where residents can engage in exploratory activities |
Social | Social interaction | An occasion for social interaction |
Social | Family interaction | A site to hold a family gathering |
Table 2 Categories of forest park recreational value
Category | Classification | Description |
---|---|---|
Psychological | Enjoying nature | A place where residents can be close to nature and perceive the scenery |
Psychological | Artistic creation | A site to create artistic works, such as photographs or paintings |
Psychological | Acquiring knowledge | A place for residents to acquire scientific knowledge |
Physical | Physical exercise | A field in which to conduct physical exercise |
Physical | Exploration activity | A place where residents can engage in exploratory activities |
Social | Social interaction | An occasion for social interaction |
Social | Family interaction | A site to hold a family gathering |
Social variables | Category | Suburbs | Rural areas | Total number |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | male | 155 | 154 | 309 |
female | 201 | 148 | 349 | |
Age | <18 | 29 | 9 | 38 |
18-44 | 208 | 242 | 450 | |
45-59 | 69 | 39 | 108 | |
60-74 | 42 | 11 | 53 | |
>75 | 8 | 1 | 9 | |
Education | Primary or below | 4 | 5 | 9 |
Middle school | 44 | 19 | 63 | |
High school or vocational school | 97 | 86 | 183 | |
Junior college or college | 195 | 172 | 367 | |
Postgraduate | 16 | 20 | 36 | |
Income | <1500 yuan month-1 | 52 | 21 | 73 |
1500-3000 yuan month-1 | 48 | 44 | 92 | |
3000-5000 yuan month-1 | 114 | 111 | 225 | |
5000-10000 yuan month-1 | 98 | 87 | 185 | |
>10000 yuan month-1 | 44 | 39 | 83 |
Table 3 Sample distribution by gender, age, education, and income (658 respondents)
Social variables | Category | Suburbs | Rural areas | Total number |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | male | 155 | 154 | 309 |
female | 201 | 148 | 349 | |
Age | <18 | 29 | 9 | 38 |
18-44 | 208 | 242 | 450 | |
45-59 | 69 | 39 | 108 | |
60-74 | 42 | 11 | 53 | |
>75 | 8 | 1 | 9 | |
Education | Primary or below | 4 | 5 | 9 |
Middle school | 44 | 19 | 63 | |
High school or vocational school | 97 | 86 | 183 | |
Junior college or college | 195 | 172 | 367 | |
Postgraduate | 16 | 20 | 36 | |
Income | <1500 yuan month-1 | 52 | 21 | 73 |
1500-3000 yuan month-1 | 48 | 44 | 92 | |
3000-5000 yuan month-1 | 114 | 111 | 225 | |
5000-10000 yuan month-1 | 98 | 87 | 185 | |
>10000 yuan month-1 | 44 | 39 | 83 |
Category | Classification | Total | Suburbs | Rural areas | χ2 | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological value | Enjoying nature | Mean | 4.30 | 4.35 | 4.25 | 18.479# | <0.001*** |
Std.Dev. | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.73 | ||||
Artistic creation | Mean | 3.67 | 3.60 | 3.76 | 6.771 | 0.149 | |
Std.Dev. | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.90 | ||||
Acquiring knowledge | Mean | 3.18 | 3.31 | 3.03 | 26.431# | <0.001*** | |
Std.Dev. | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.09 | ||||
Average | 3.72 | 3.75 | 3.68 | 20.448# | 0.040* | ||
Physical value | Physical exercise | Mean | 3.56 | 3.49 | 3.65 | 5.694 | 0.223 |
Std.Dev. | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.88 | ||||
Exploration activity | Mean | 3.32 | 3.48 | 3.13 | 29.341# | <0.001*** | |
Std.Dev. | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.09 | ||||
Average | 3.44 | 3.49 | 3.39 | 13.727 | 0.089 | ||
Social value | Social interaction | Mean | 3.24 | 3.16 | 3.32 | 8.259 | 0.083 |
Std.Dev. | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 | ||||
Family interaction | Mean | 3.45 | 3.33 | 3.59 | 13.606# | 0.009** | |
Std.Dev. | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.90 | ||||
Average | 3.34 | 3.25 | 3.46 | 32.264# | <0.001*** |
Table 4 Mean values of the three dimensions of recreational value in the suburbs and rural area forest parks assigned by residents
Category | Classification | Total | Suburbs | Rural areas | χ2 | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological value | Enjoying nature | Mean | 4.30 | 4.35 | 4.25 | 18.479# | <0.001*** |
Std.Dev. | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.73 | ||||
Artistic creation | Mean | 3.67 | 3.60 | 3.76 | 6.771 | 0.149 | |
Std.Dev. | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.90 | ||||
Acquiring knowledge | Mean | 3.18 | 3.31 | 3.03 | 26.431# | <0.001*** | |
Std.Dev. | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.09 | ||||
Average | 3.72 | 3.75 | 3.68 | 20.448# | 0.040* | ||
Physical value | Physical exercise | Mean | 3.56 | 3.49 | 3.65 | 5.694 | 0.223 |
Std.Dev. | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.88 | ||||
Exploration activity | Mean | 3.32 | 3.48 | 3.13 | 29.341# | <0.001*** | |
Std.Dev. | 1.03 | 0.94 | 1.09 | ||||
Average | 3.44 | 3.49 | 3.39 | 13.727 | 0.089 | ||
Social value | Social interaction | Mean | 3.24 | 3.16 | 3.32 | 8.259 | 0.083 |
Std.Dev. | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.97 | ||||
Family interaction | Mean | 3.45 | 3.33 | 3.59 | 13.606# | 0.009** | |
Std.Dev. | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.90 | ||||
Average | 3.34 | 3.25 | 3.46 | 32.264# | <0.001*** |
Fig. 2 Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) maps for gender, age, education, and income vs. forest park recreational value assigned by all respondents (a-d), by respondents in the suburbs (e-h), and by respondents in rural areas (i-l) Note:Ph, Ps, and So symbolize the physical, psychological, and social values, respectively. I, S, and G indicate insufficient, sufficient, and good values. G:1 and G:2 symbolize gender: Males and females, respectively. A: <18, A: 18-44, A: 45-59, A: 60-74, and A: >75 symbolize age classes of <18, 18-44, 45-59, 60-74, and >75, respectively. E:1, E:2, E:3, E:4, and E:5 symbolize education groups: Primary or below, middle school, high school or vocational school, junior college or college, and postgraduate, respectively. I: <1500, I: 1500-3000, I: 3000-5000, I: 5000-10000, and I: >10000 symbolize income groups: <1500 yuan month-1, 1500-3000 yuan month-1, 3000-5000 yuan month-1, 5000-10000 yuan month-1, and >10000 yuan month-1, respectively. Dimension 1 represents the correspondence of recreational values assigned to forest parks; The correspondence of the social variables of residents is represented in dimension 2.
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