Net Horizontal Payments for Ecosystem Services: An Application in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.01.008

Abstract

Abstract:

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from recent articles, we have outlined four principles for PES: parity, measurability, additionality and conditionality, and then have used these principles to develop a formula to calculate a standard for PES. Finding a way to use PES to achieve a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (BTHR) is a key task for Chinese government. Synergetic development of BTHR has become a national strategy, like The Belt and Road Initiative. This article employed the formula we developed to calculate the net horizontal PES amounts that each provincial government within BTHR should pay. Our findings show that Beijing should have paid 10.44×10⁹ Yuan (0.4% of Beijing’s GRP) and Tianjin 16.56×10⁹ Yuan (0.93% of Tianjin’s GRP) to Hebei in 2016.

Key words: payments for ecosystem services, positive externality, incentive, Coase Theory

LIN Yongsheng,GUO Zhixin,ZHENG Yaomin,ZHANG Lirong,HUANG Huabing. Net Horizontal Payments for Ecosystem Services: An Application in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(1): 63-68.

Figures/Tables 5

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Type	Code	Area (ha)
Type	Code	Beijing	Tianjin	Hebei
Cropland	10	344060.73	767710.62	10597474.71
Forest	20	1098045.99	115873.02	7380781.38
Grassland	30	361561.32	157420.53	7297648.56
Shrubland	40	48787.29	1583.91	392740.47
Wetland	50	9309.60	8788.68	32632.92
Water	60	24625.89	151623.00	486923.40

Type	Code	Area (ha)
Type	Code	Beijing	Tianjin	Hebei
Cropland	10	344060.73	767710.62	10597474.71
Forest	20	1098045.99	115873.02	7380781.38
Grassland	30	361561.32	157420.53	7297648.56
Shrubland	40	48787.29	1583.91	392740.47
Wetland	50	9309.60	8788.68	32632.92
Water	60	24625.89	151623.00	486923.40

Land types	Costanza et al. (1997)	De Groot et al. (2012)
Cropland	579.6	N^a
Forest	6104.7	11686.5^b
Wetland	93145.5	161796.6^c
Water	53537.4	26882.1
Shrubland^d	3783.2	14886.9
Grassland	1461.6	18087.3

Land types	Costanza et al. (1997)	De Groot et al. (2012)
Cropland	579.6	N^a
Forest	6104.7	11686.5^b
Wetland	93145.5	161796.6^c
Water	53537.4	26882.1
Shrubland^d	3783.2	14886.9
Grassland	1461.6	18087.3

	Beijing	Tianjin	Hebei
Environment treatment	98.36	83.1	87.49
Ecosystem protection	70.86	64.81	72.48
Arithmetic average	84.61	73.96	79.99