Abstract: An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and fishing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System has been a key objective of South Korea's central government. Given that restoration and technology transfer becomes impossible once heritage is damaged, a detailed study of management regarding conservation is required alongside the development of the Agricultural Heritage System. Here, I was able to analyze several applications submitted by local governments to the Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System. The main objective was to identify the uniqueness of each application with the nature of heritage, threats to this heritage, and current preservation efforts. I found that the most common threat is the decreasing population status for heritage maintenance due to changes in agricultural environments. In response, each site plans to boost local tourism activities as a solution but current tourism oriented management plans may result in further damage to heritage. In light of my analysis I discuss three pillars for future planning: the improvement of heritage understanding and awareness; sufficient space to maintain heritage features; and new industrialization plans that maintain production activities. These recommendations will ensure heritage protection, conservation of the natural environment, and invigoration of farming and fishing communities through biodiversity.

Key words: Agricultural Heritage System, Korean Important Agricultural Heritage System, conservation and management, biodiversity, decrease in population, South Korea