Multi-scenario Analysis and the Construction of the Revitalization Model of Green Development in Tourism Traditional Villages

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2023.02.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Implementing the concept of green development would help the tourism traditional villages to solve problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment, the changing of traditional culture, the loss of original landscape, and others. Taking the six tourism traditional villages in Beijing as a case study, this study explored the best green scenario by considering the perceptions of stakeholders and constructed the green revitalization mode of tourism traditional villages by the scenario analysis method and other methods. The results show three key aspects of tourism traditional village development scenarios. (1) From the perspective of future development scenarios, the specific characteristics and objective functions of the basic development scenario are different in the economic revitalization scenario and the green revitalization scenario, the economic revitalization scenario and the green revitalization scenario are different. (2) From the perspective of the stakeholders’ perceptions of different scenario plans, the future development of the case villages will change to varying degrees under the different scenario plans. However, no matter where the traditional villages are in the tourism life cycle, the green development scenario is the best choice. (3) Finally, this article constructed a five-in-one model of the green revitalization of tourism traditional villages with green economy as the key, traditional culture as the core, ecological civilization as the basis, village communities as the agent, and external policies as the guarantee. The research results aim to enrich the theory of green development and rural tourism, and provide theoretical reference and scientific guidance for the green revitalization of tourism traditional villages.

Key words: traditional villages, tourism, green development, rural revitalization, ecological civilization

LIU Yaru, TANG Chengcai, WAN Ziwei. Multi-scenario Analysis and the Construction of the Revitalization Model of Green Development in Tourism Traditional Villages[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2023, 14(2): 239-251.

Figures/Tables 6

References 54

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Stage	Village	Tourism resources	Tourism market	Service facilities	Business pattern
Exploration stage	Xiniuyu	Z1 Orchard, terraced fields, forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings	Self-driving tourists in Beijing	Only 5 homestay reception facilities	Residential except for the village
Exploration stage	Huanglingxi	Z1 Forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings, ancient temple Z3 Jingxi Ancient Road, Revolutionary sites Z4 Bangzi Opera, Bengbeng Opera	Self-driving tourists in Beijing	5 homestay reception facilities; 1 car park; 1 public toilet	Farmers
Fast-growing stage	Malan	Z1 Malan forest, waterfall, Zhaitang reservoir Z2 Traditional residential buildings, ancient temple, theater stage Z3 Many revolutionary sites Z4 Story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment, Beijing Opera, dance	About 100000 tourists every year	7 homestay reception facilities; 1 car park; 3 public toilets	Farmers and cooperation
Fast-growing stage	Changyucheng	Z1 Reservoir, forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Yongxing temple, Zhenwang temple, Guandi temple Z3 Ancient Great Wall ruins, the gate of ancient city, Urn City, Revolutionary sites Z4 Bangzi Opera, The Lantern Festival parade, Jiuqu Yellow River Lantern	About 70000 tourists every year	12 homestay reception facilities; 2 car parks; 2 public toilets	Farmers
Mature stage	Liugou	Z1 Orchard, forest, Chinese herbal medicines Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Chenghuang temple, theater stage Z3 Ancient Great Wall ruins, the gate of ancient city, Urn City Z4 Jiuqu Yellow River Lantern, land boat, Brazier Tofu Feast	About 800000 tourists every year	127 homestay reception facilities; 4 car parks; 2 public toilets; 8 charging units for electric vehicles	Farmers and cooperation
Mature stage	Cuandixia	Z1 Orchard, terraced fields Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Guandi temple, Niangniang temple, Wudao temple Z3 Jingxi Ancient Road, Revolutionary sites Z4 Playing the streamer, Bangzi Opera, Bengbeng Opera, Cuan yolk culture	About 180000 tourists every year	54 homestay reception facilities; 2 car parks; 2 public toilets	Government, management committee and farmers

Stage	Village	Tourism resources	Tourism market	Service facilities	Business pattern
Exploration stage	Xiniuyu	Z1 Orchard, terraced fields, forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings	Self-driving tourists in Beijing	Only 5 homestay reception facilities	Residential except for the village
Exploration stage	Huanglingxi	Z1 Forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings, ancient temple Z3 Jingxi Ancient Road, Revolutionary sites Z4 Bangzi Opera, Bengbeng Opera	Self-driving tourists in Beijing	5 homestay reception facilities; 1 car park; 1 public toilet	Farmers
Fast-growing stage	Malan	Z1 Malan forest, waterfall, Zhaitang reservoir Z2 Traditional residential buildings, ancient temple, theater stage Z3 Many revolutionary sites Z4 Story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment, Beijing Opera, dance	About 100000 tourists every year	7 homestay reception facilities; 1 car park; 3 public toilets	Farmers and cooperation
Fast-growing stage	Changyucheng	Z1 Reservoir, forest Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Yongxing temple, Zhenwang temple, Guandi temple Z3 Ancient Great Wall ruins, the gate of ancient city, Urn City, Revolutionary sites Z4 Bangzi Opera, The Lantern Festival parade, Jiuqu Yellow River Lantern	About 70000 tourists every year	12 homestay reception facilities; 2 car parks; 2 public toilets	Farmers
Mature stage	Liugou	Z1 Orchard, forest, Chinese herbal medicines Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Chenghuang temple, theater stage Z3 Ancient Great Wall ruins, the gate of ancient city, Urn City Z4 Jiuqu Yellow River Lantern, land boat, Brazier Tofu Feast	About 800000 tourists every year	127 homestay reception facilities; 4 car parks; 2 public toilets; 8 charging units for electric vehicles	Farmers and cooperation
Mature stage	Cuandixia	Z1 Orchard, terraced fields Z2 Traditional residential buildings, Guandi temple, Niangniang temple, Wudao temple Z3 Jingxi Ancient Road, Revolutionary sites Z4 Playing the streamer, Bangzi Opera, Bengbeng Opera, Cuan yolk culture	About 180000 tourists every year	54 homestay reception facilities; 2 car parks; 2 public toilets	Government, management committee and farmers

Scenario dimensions	Basic development scenario	Economic revitalization scenario	Green revitalization scenario
Economic development benefit	Continue the current situation of the development of industry in traditional village, and do not undertake any tourism planning or development	Expand the scale of tourism in traditional villages rapidly, and do not limit the number of tourists. Intensify the construction of tourism projects	Scientifically control the scale of tourism development, appropriately limit the number of tourists, and construct tourism projects reasonably
Cultural protection and inheritance	Maintain the current policies and methods of cultural protection and inheritance in the villages	Strengthen the development of traditional culture, realize tourism utilization of all residential buildings, and promote the commercial development of cultural products	Emphasize the concept of sustainable development, and improve cultural protection and inheritance policies. Make rational use of residential buildings, and regularly conduct intangible cultural heritage training
Village communities progress	Continue the current situation of the population structure, social equity and living environment of traditional villages. The aging degree of the permanent population develops naturally, and there is the possibility that the population will be reduced due to rural-urban mobility. There is no big difference in the villagers’ consumption	The modernization of the living environment has been strengthened to meet the needs of tourism, and the number of foreign tourism operators has not been limited. As a result, the overall consumption gap between villages has widened rapidly	Optimize village living environment sustainably, attract young villagers to return and outsiders to migrate in, and control the number of foreign tourism operators reasonably. The aging of the permanent population is steadily declining. The whole consumption gap of the villager family is not big, and the general level is high
Ecological civilization construction	The current policies and methods of ecological environment protection and governance of traditional villages will be continued, and no further optimization or adjustment will be made	Make full use of the ecological resources of villages and ignore pollution discharge, environmental protection, ecological environment management, etc.	Implement the concept of promoting ecological progress and respond to the call that “Clear waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver”. Strictly control pollution discharge, and strengthen environmental protection and ecological environment governance
Policy management support	Do not draw up and implement tourism development plans and spend less on environmental protection	Formulate and implement a tourism development plan focusing on economic development, with little emphasis on green development and little expenditure on environmental protection	Formulate and implement plans specifically designed for the green development of the tourism industry, and the government spends a lot on environmental protection

Scenario dimensions	Basic development scenario	Economic revitalization scenario	Green revitalization scenario
Economic development benefit	Continue the current situation of the development of industry in traditional village, and do not undertake any tourism planning or development	Expand the scale of tourism in traditional villages rapidly, and do not limit the number of tourists. Intensify the construction of tourism projects	Scientifically control the scale of tourism development, appropriately limit the number of tourists, and construct tourism projects reasonably
Cultural protection and inheritance	Maintain the current policies and methods of cultural protection and inheritance in the villages	Strengthen the development of traditional culture, realize tourism utilization of all residential buildings, and promote the commercial development of cultural products	Emphasize the concept of sustainable development, and improve cultural protection and inheritance policies. Make rational use of residential buildings, and regularly conduct intangible cultural heritage training
Village communities progress	Continue the current situation of the population structure, social equity and living environment of traditional villages. The aging degree of the permanent population develops naturally, and there is the possibility that the population will be reduced due to rural-urban mobility. There is no big difference in the villagers’ consumption	The modernization of the living environment has been strengthened to meet the needs of tourism, and the number of foreign tourism operators has not been limited. As a result, the overall consumption gap between villages has widened rapidly	Optimize village living environment sustainably, attract young villagers to return and outsiders to migrate in, and control the number of foreign tourism operators reasonably. The aging of the permanent population is steadily declining. The whole consumption gap of the villager family is not big, and the general level is high
Ecological civilization construction	The current policies and methods of ecological environment protection and governance of traditional villages will be continued, and no further optimization or adjustment will be made	Make full use of the ecological resources of villages and ignore pollution discharge, environmental protection, ecological environment management, etc.	Implement the concept of promoting ecological progress and respond to the call that “Clear waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver”. Strictly control pollution discharge, and strengthen environmental protection and ecological environment governance
Policy management support	Do not draw up and implement tourism development plans and spend less on environmental protection	Formulate and implement a tourism development plan focusing on economic development, with little emphasis on green development and little expenditure on environmental protection	Formulate and implement plans specifically designed for the green development of the tourism industry, and the government spends a lot on environmental protection

Key factors	Weight of basic development scenarios			Weight of economic revitalization scenarios			Weight of green revitalization scenarios
Key factors	Subjective	Objective	Compound	Subjective	Objective	Compound	Subjective	Objective	Compound
Economic volume	0.0967	0.1019	0.1208	0.2162	0.1019	0.2692	0.0432	0.1019	0.0537
Economic benefits	0.1202	0.0663	0.0978	0.1989	0.0663	0.1613	0.0897	0.0663	0.0726
Material culture protection	0.1147	0.0660	0.0928	0.0821	0.0660	0.0662	0.1023	0.0660	0.0823
Intangible culture inheritance	0.1004	0.0333	0.0411	0.0434	0.0333	0.0177	0.1023	0.0333	0.0416
Population structure	0.0631	0.0582	0.0451	0.0562	0.0582	0.0400	0.0519	0.0582	0.0368
Social justice	0.0767	0.1577	0.1484	0.0360	0.1577	0.0694	0.0707	0.1577	0.1360
Human settled environment	0.0628	0.0582	0.0448	0.0518	0.0582	0.0369	0.0603	0.0582	0.0428
Resource utilization	0.0667	0.1058	0.0866	0.0709	0.1058	0.0917	0.0795	0.1058	0.1025
Pollution emission	0.0427	0.0262	0.0137	0.0389	0.0262	0.0124	0.0848	0.0262	0.0271
Environment protection	0.0587	0.1577	0.1136	0.0389	0.1577	0.0750	0.0848	0.1577	0.1631
Policy funding support	0.1183	0.0663	0.0963	0.1099	0.0663	0.0891	0.1047	0.0663	0.0847
Planning sophistication	0.0789	0.1023	0.0990	0.0570	0.1023	0.0713	0.1258	0.1023	0.1570