The Spatio-temporal Patterns of Macro Benthos Functional Groups and the Associated Factors Affecting Them after Wetland Restoration

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.06.019

Abstract

Abstract:

This study examines how the spatiotemporal patterns of functional groups of macro benthos responded to coastal wetland restoration projects. Compared with the traditional single-species approach, methods for identifying functional groups of macro benthos more comprehensively reflect the states of the wetland, i.e., spatiotemporal patterns and the related influencing factors. In this study, the macro benthos samples, soil samples, and plant samples were collected at each same sample site in April, July, and October of 2017 and January of 2018. After classification of the macro benthos functional groups according to some traits, the factors influencing the functional groups were examined by a linear stepwise regression. The results showed that all macro benthos were classified into 11 different functional groups based on their traits of forms of locomotion, feeding habits, and food gathering methods. The semi-mobile suspensivores (FDX), semi-mobile surface detritivores (SDX), and Jawed mobile carnivores (CMJ) were the main groups observed in a year. Regression analysis showed that particle size, moisture content, and plant height were important common factors influencing most groups. The main influencing factor of FDX was particle size (P=0.020). Moisture content (P=0.004), plant cover degree (P=0.008), and particle size (P=0.032) comprised the main restrictions of SDX in summer. Soil salinity (P=0.040) and plant height (P=0.011) were the factors influencing CMJ in autumn and winter. This study shows the changing characteristics of macro benthos functional groups to promote coastal wetland restoration and future biogeomorphological studies.

Key words: functional groups, macro benthos, spatiotemporal patterns, biogeomorphological index, wetlands restoration

WANG Maoqiu, HU Yang, HE Ning, WU Mingxuan, WU Pengling, WANG Qinyi, ZHANG Bolun, ZHANG Shengle, GAO Meihua, FANG Shubo. The Spatio-temporal Patterns of Macro Benthos Functional Groups and the Associated Factors Affecting Them after Wetland Restoration[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022, 13(6): 1152-1164.

Figures/Tables 10

References 74

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Functional groups	Description	Species found in the samples
CMJ	Jawed mobile carnivore	Palaemon modestus Heller, 1862, Palaemon annandalei Kemp, 1917, Eohaustorius cheliferus Bulyčeva, 1952, Glycera chirori Izuka, 1912, Nephtys glabra Hartman, 1950
CMX	Mobile carnivore	Cerebratulina sp.
CDJ	Jawed semi-mobile carnivore	Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt, 1969
FMJ	Jawed mobile suspensivore	Hemileucon bidentatus Liu & Liu, 1990
FMX	Mobile suspensivore	Perioculodes meridichinensis Hirayama, 1992
FDX	Semi-mobile suspensivore	Corbicula fluminea O.F. Müller, 1774; Glaucomya chinensis^, Sinonovacula constricta* Lamarck, 1818; Gomphina veneriformis Bivalvia: Veneridae^, Potamocorbula Amurensis* Schrenck,1861^; Astarte borealis* Schumacher, 1817
SMJ	Jawed mobile surface detritivore	Pyrhila pisum De Haan, 1841; Helicana wuana Rathbun, 1931; Deiratonotus cristatum De Man, 1895; Grandidierella japonica Stephensen, 1938
SDX	Semi-mobile surface detritivore	Assiminea J. Fleming, 1828; Pseudomphala latericea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1864; Assiminea violacea Heude, 1882; Bullacta caurina Benson, 1842; Cerithideopsis largillierti Philippi, 1848
BMJ	Jawed mobile subsurface detritivore	Helice tientsinensis Rathbun, 1931; lyoplax deschampsi Rathbun, 1913
BMX	Tentaculate semi-mobile subsurface detritivore	Heteromastus filiformis Claparède, 1864
HDX	Semi-mobile herbivore	Stenothyra glabra A. Adams, 1861
FSX	Tessile suspensivore	None
FST	Tentaculate sessile suspensivore	None
SST	Tentaculate sessile surface detritivore	None
SMX	Mobile surface detritivore	None

Functional groups	Description	Species found in the samples
CMJ	Jawed mobile carnivore	Palaemon modestus Heller, 1862, Palaemon annandalei Kemp, 1917, Eohaustorius cheliferus Bulyčeva, 1952, Glycera chirori Izuka, 1912, Nephtys glabra Hartman, 1950
CMX	Mobile carnivore	Cerebratulina sp.
CDJ	Jawed semi-mobile carnivore	Gnorimosphaeroma rayi Hoestlandt, 1969
FMJ	Jawed mobile suspensivore	Hemileucon bidentatus Liu & Liu, 1990
FMX	Mobile suspensivore	Perioculodes meridichinensis Hirayama, 1992
FDX	Semi-mobile suspensivore	Corbicula fluminea O.F. Müller, 1774; Glaucomya chinensis^, Sinonovacula constricta* Lamarck, 1818; Gomphina veneriformis Bivalvia: Veneridae^, Potamocorbula Amurensis* Schrenck,1861^; Astarte borealis* Schumacher, 1817
SMJ	Jawed mobile surface detritivore	Pyrhila pisum De Haan, 1841; Helicana wuana Rathbun, 1931; Deiratonotus cristatum De Man, 1895; Grandidierella japonica Stephensen, 1938
SDX	Semi-mobile surface detritivore	Assiminea J. Fleming, 1828; Pseudomphala latericea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1864; Assiminea violacea Heude, 1882; Bullacta caurina Benson, 1842; Cerithideopsis largillierti Philippi, 1848
BMJ	Jawed mobile subsurface detritivore	Helice tientsinensis Rathbun, 1931; lyoplax deschampsi Rathbun, 1913
BMX	Tentaculate semi-mobile subsurface detritivore	Heteromastus filiformis Claparède, 1864
HDX	Semi-mobile herbivore	Stenothyra glabra A. Adams, 1861
FSX	Tessile suspensivore	None
FST	Tentaculate sessile suspensivore	None
SST	Tentaculate sessile surface detritivore	None
SMX	Mobile surface detritivore	None

Month	Dependent Variable	Models	Independent Variable	Adjusted R²	Standard Coefficient B	P
April	CMJ	1	EL	0.849	‒0.949	0.051
		2	EL	0.998	‒1.368^*	0.022
			PD	0.998	0.525	0.058
	FDX	1	PZ	0.376	‒0.658^*	0.020
	SMJ	1	MC	0.93	0.972^**	0.001
	SDX	1	OC	0.967	0.986^**	0.000
July	CMJ	1	PZ	0.8	0.917^**	0.010
		2	PZ	0.962	1.072^**	0.001
			TP	0.962	‒0.401^*	0.024
	SDX	1	MC	0.361	0.664	0.051
		2	MC	0.59	1.158^*	0.011
			PCD	0.59	‒0.704	0.069
		3	MC	0.821	1.085^**	0.004
			PCD	0.821	‒1.018^**	0.008
			PZ	0.821	‒0.576^*	0.032
	BMJ	1	PZ	0.537	‒0.793	0.060
	HDX	1	PH	0.687	0.875	0.052
		2	PH	0.948	1.143^*	0.013
			TP	0.948	‒0.531	0.057
		3	PH	0.999	1.214^*	0.011
			TP	0.999	‒0.666^*	0.024
			MC	0.999	0.198	0.069
October	CMJ	1	PH	0.708	‒0.870^*	0.011
	SDX	1	PD	0.363	0.685	0.090
	BMX	1	TP	0.863	‒0.947^*	0.014
		2	TP	0.997	‒0.82^**	0.001
			PZ	0.997	‒0.342^**	0.008
	HDX	1	TP	0.863	‒0.947^*	0.014
		2	TP	0.997	‒0.820^**	0.001
			PZ	0.997	‒0.342^**	0.008
January	CMJ	1	SS	0.364	0.686	0.089
		2	SS	0.633	0.749^*	0.040
			TP	0.633	0.538	0.097
	SDX	1	MC	0.695	0.864^*	0.012
	BMJ	1	MC	.	1	.
	HDX	1	OC	0.861	‒0.946^*	0.015
	FDX	1	OC	0.323	0.631^*	0.050

Month	Dependent Variable	Models	Independent Variable	Adjusted R²	Standard Coefficient B	P
April	CMJ	1	EL	0.849	‒0.949	0.051
		2	EL	0.998	‒1.368^*	0.022
			PD	0.998	0.525	0.058
	FDX	1	PZ	0.376	‒0.658^*	0.020
	SMJ	1	MC	0.93	0.972^**	0.001
	SDX	1	OC	0.967	0.986^**	0.000
July	CMJ	1	PZ	0.8	0.917^**	0.010
		2	PZ	0.962	1.072^**	0.001
			TP	0.962	‒0.401^*	0.024
	SDX	1	MC	0.361	0.664	0.051
		2	MC	0.59	1.158^*	0.011
			PCD	0.59	‒0.704	0.069
		3	MC	0.821	1.085^**	0.004
			PCD	0.821	‒1.018^**	0.008
			PZ	0.821	‒0.576^*	0.032
	BMJ	1	PZ	0.537	‒0.793	0.060
	HDX	1	PH	0.687	0.875	0.052
		2	PH	0.948	1.143^*	0.013
			TP	0.948	‒0.531	0.057
		3	PH	0.999	1.214^*	0.011
			TP	0.999	‒0.666^*	0.024
			MC	0.999	0.198	0.069
October	CMJ	1	PH	0.708	‒0.870^*	0.011
	SDX	1	PD	0.363	0.685	0.090
	BMX	1	TP	0.863	‒0.947^*	0.014
		2	TP	0.997	‒0.82^**	0.001
			PZ	0.997	‒0.342^**	0.008
	HDX	1	TP	0.863	‒0.947^*	0.014
		2	TP	0.997	‒0.820^**	0.001
			PZ	0.997	‒0.342^**	0.008
January	CMJ	1	SS	0.364	0.686	0.089
		2	SS	0.633	0.749^*	0.040
			TP	0.633	0.538	0.097
	SDX	1	MC	0.695	0.864^*	0.012
	BMJ	1	MC	.	1	.
	HDX	1	OC	0.861	‒0.946^*	0.015
	FDX	1	OC	0.323	0.631^*	0.050

Abbreviation	Full name	Abbreviation	Full name
BI	biogeomorphological index	FST	tentaculate sessile suspensivore
BMJ	jawed mobile subsurface detritivore	FSX	tessile suspensivore
BMX	tentaculate semi-mobile subsurface detritivore	HDX	semi-mobile herbivore
CDJ	jawed semi-mobile carnivore	PCA	principal component analysis
CMJ	jawed mobile carnivore	SDX	semi-mobile surface detritivore
CMX	mobile carnivore	SMJ	jawed mobile surface detritivore
FDX	semi-mobile suspensivore	SMX	mobile surface detritivore
FDX	semi-mobile suspensivore	SST	tentaculate sessile surface detritivore
FMJ	jawed mobile suspensivore	YRE	the Yangtze River Estuary
FMX	mobile suspensivore