High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics have promoted the rapid development of ice-snow tourism in China, which contributes to achieving the goal of having “300 million people participate in ice-snow sports”. This paper analyzes the status quo and problems associated with the growth of ice-snow tourism in China based on the methods of documentation and field investigation. The results indicate that China’s efforts have born abundant fruits. Notwithstanding, there are still some problems due to the limited time and hastened process of ice-snow tourism development, including unreasonable exploitation, low-quality products and services, imperfect investment and financing system, inadequate management, a single marketing mode, and insufficient talent teams. Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, ice-snow tourism in China is in the stage of rapid development. To achieve the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, this paper proposes actions from eight aspects which involve policy, products and services, marketing, safety management and control, talent teams, standardization construction, science and technology, and community participation. This study can provide references for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, as well as perfecting Chinese theoretical research on ice-snow tourism.

Key words: ice-snow tourism, ice-snow sports, tourism resources, Beijing Winter Olympics, high-quality development

TANG Chengcai, ZENG Rui, YANG Yuanyuan, XU Shiyi, WANG Xin. High-quality Development Paths of Ice-snow Tourism in China from the Perspective of the Winter Olympics[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022, 13(4): 552-563.

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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Level	Year	Name of policies	Issuing institutions
Central Government	2019	Opinions on Taking the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics As an Opportunity to Vigorously Develop Ice-snow Sports	General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
Central Government	2019	Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting National Fitness and Sports Consumption and Promoting the High-quality Development of the Sports Industry	General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
National Ministry	2016	Ice-snow Sports Development Plan (2016-2025)	National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Sport, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, National Tourism Administration of the People’s Republic of China
	2016	National Ice-snow Field Facilities Construction Plan (2016- 2022)	7 departments including National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, National Tourism Administration of the People’s Republic of China, etc.
	2016	Mass Winter Sports Promotion and Popularization Plan	23 departments including State Taxation Administration, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China, etc.
	2018	Implementation Outline of “Bringing 300 Million People to Participate in Ice-snow Sports” (2018-2022)	General Administration of Sport
	2021	Ice-snow Tourism Development Action Plan (2021-2023)	Ministry of Culture and tourism of the People’s Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Sport
Local Government	2016	Opinions of the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Ice-snow Sports (2016-2022)	The People’s Government of Beijing Municipality
	2017	Sichuan Province Ice-snow Sports Development Plan (2016-2025)	The People’s Government of Sichuan Province
	2019	Implementation Opinions on Taking the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics As an Opportunity to Vigorously Develop Ice-snow Sports and Ice-snow Economy	The People’s Government of Jilin Province
	2020	Heilongjiang Province Ice-snow Tourism Industry Development Plan (2020-2030)	Heilongjiang Provincial Culture and Tourism Office
	2016	Hebei Province Winter Sports Development Plan (2015- 2022)	Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau, Hebei Development and Reform Commission
	2021	Hebei Province Ice-snow Tourism Development Implementation Plan (2021-2023)	The People’s Government of Heibei Province
	2021	China (Changbai Mountains-Altai Mountains) Ice-snow Economic High-quality Development Pilot Area Master Plan	The People’s Government of Jilin Province and The Government of Xinjiang

Level	Year	Name of policies	Issuing institutions
Central Government	2019	Opinions on Taking the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics As an Opportunity to Vigorously Develop Ice-snow Sports	General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
Central Government	2019	Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting National Fitness and Sports Consumption and Promoting the High-quality Development of the Sports Industry	General Office of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
National Ministry	2016	Ice-snow Sports Development Plan (2016-2025)	National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Sport, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, National Tourism Administration of the People’s Republic of China
	2016	National Ice-snow Field Facilities Construction Plan (2016- 2022)	7 departments including National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, National Tourism Administration of the People’s Republic of China, etc.
	2016	Mass Winter Sports Promotion and Popularization Plan	23 departments including State Taxation Administration, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China, etc.
	2018	Implementation Outline of “Bringing 300 Million People to Participate in Ice-snow Sports” (2018-2022)	General Administration of Sport
	2021	Ice-snow Tourism Development Action Plan (2021-2023)	Ministry of Culture and tourism of the People’s Republic of China, National Development and Reform Commission of the People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Sport
Local Government	2016	Opinions of the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality on Accelerating the Development of Ice-snow Sports (2016-2022)	The People’s Government of Beijing Municipality
	2017	Sichuan Province Ice-snow Sports Development Plan (2016-2025)	The People’s Government of Sichuan Province
	2019	Implementation Opinions on Taking the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics As an Opportunity to Vigorously Develop Ice-snow Sports and Ice-snow Economy	The People’s Government of Jilin Province
	2020	Heilongjiang Province Ice-snow Tourism Industry Development Plan (2020-2030)	Heilongjiang Provincial Culture and Tourism Office
	2016	Hebei Province Winter Sports Development Plan (2015- 2022)	Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau, Hebei Development and Reform Commission
	2021	Hebei Province Ice-snow Tourism Development Implementation Plan (2021-2023)	The People’s Government of Heibei Province
	2021	China (Changbai Mountains-Altai Mountains) Ice-snow Economic High-quality Development Pilot Area Master Plan	The People’s Government of Jilin Province and The Government of Xinjiang

Year	Location	Cause of the accident	Accident level	Casualties
2017	Sanchang Ski Resort, Julu County, Hebei Province	Facility construction is not up to standards	General accident	5 people injured
2017	Wanlong Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	Unreasonable ski slope design	General accident	1 person died
2017	Taiwu Ski Resort in Chongli	Facilities and equipment are not up to standards	General accident	1 person died
2020	Wanlong Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	The unsound supporting medical service system	General accident	1 person died
2020	Ice Lantern and Snow Sculpture Hall, Taiqi Mountain Scenic Area, Shanxi Province	Catastrophic fire	Major accident	13 people died, 15 injured
2021	Yunding Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	Unreasonable facility layout	General accident	1 person died

Year	Location	Cause of the accident	Accident level	Casualties
2017	Sanchang Ski Resort, Julu County, Hebei Province	Facility construction is not up to standards	General accident	5 people injured
2017	Wanlong Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	Unreasonable ski slope design	General accident	1 person died
2017	Taiwu Ski Resort in Chongli	Facilities and equipment are not up to standards	General accident	1 person died
2020	Wanlong Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	The unsound supporting medical service system	General accident	1 person died
2020	Ice Lantern and Snow Sculpture Hall, Taiqi Mountain Scenic Area, Shanxi Province	Catastrophic fire	Major accident	13 people died, 15 injured
2021	Yunding Ski Resort in Chongli, Zhangjiakou	Unreasonable facility layout	General accident	1 person died

Classifications	Contents	Project examples
Ice-snow sightseeing	Natural landscape	Ice falls, rime, glaciers, etc.
Ice-snow sightseeing	Cultural landscape	Ice sculptures, ice lanterns, snow sculptures, etc.
Ice-snow sports	Snow sport events	Snowboarding, freestyle skiing, alpine skiing, etc.
	Ice sport events	Short track speed skating, figure skating, ice hockey, etc.
	Other leisure sports	Ice climbing, mountain climbing, ice fishing, snow football, etc.
Ice-snow recreation and vacation	Ice-snow theme parks	Ice amusement items, snow amusement items, etc.
	Ice-snow holiday tourism areas	Ice-snow town, ice-snow resort, etc.
	Ice-snow themed hotels and camps	Igloo ice hotel, snow inn, ice-snow campground, etc.
Ice-snow events	Events	Winter Olympics, local sports festivals, etc.
	Entertainment	Ice-snow dance festival, ice-snow music festival, etc.
	Experience	Ice-snow picking, ice-snow culture experience, etc.
	Study	Ice-snow sports research base, ice-snow sports training base, etc.