Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 319-327.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.02.014
• Soil and Agriculture-Forest Ecosystem • Previous Articles Next Articles
LIU Junting1,2(), LI Suhui1,2, SONG Haiyan1,2, LEI Ying1,2, CHEN Jinyi1,2, WANG Jiamin1,2, GUO Xuman1,2, LIU Jinchun1,2,*(
)
Received:
2021-03-24
Accepted:
2021-10-19
Online:
2022-03-30
Published:
2022-03-09
Contact:
LIU Jinchun
About author:
LIU Junting, E-mail: 1109547757@qq.com
Supported by:
LIU Junting, LI Suhui, SONG Haiyan, LEI Ying, CHEN Jinyi, WANG Jiamin, GUO Xuman, LIU Jinchun. Seed and Fruiting Phenology Plasticity and Offspring Seed Germination Rate in Two Asteraceae Herbs Growing in Karst Soils with Varying Thickness and Water Availability[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022, 13(2): 319-327.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.02.014
Months | WCK | WM | WL |
---|---|---|---|
Apr.-Jun. | 130 ml (3 d) -1 | 65 ml (3 d) -1 | 43 ml (3 d) -1 |
Jul.-Sept. | 125 ml (3 d) -1 | 63 ml (3 d) -1 | 38 ml (3 d) -1 |
Oct.-Dec. | 56 ml (3 d) -1 | 28 ml (3 d) -1 | 19 ml (3 d) -1 |
Table 1 Water design during the test
Months | WCK | WM | WL |
---|---|---|---|
Apr.-Jun. | 130 ml (3 d) -1 | 65 ml (3 d) -1 | 43 ml (3 d) -1 |
Jul.-Sept. | 125 ml (3 d) -1 | 63 ml (3 d) -1 | 38 ml (3 d) -1 |
Oct.-Dec. | 56 ml (3 d) -1 | 28 ml (3 d) -1 | 19 ml (3 d) -1 |
Water application | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The thickness of the soil | WCK | WM | WL | |||
Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | |
SCK | 19.16±0.71Aa | 48%FC | 14.13±0.32Ba | 36%FC | 10.81±0.33Ca | 27%FC |
SM | 20.55±0.53Aa | 51%FC | 12.86±0.46Ba | 32%FC | 9.36±0.70Ca | 24%FC |
SL | 21.05±0.57Aa | 52%FC | 12.60±0.71Ba | 32%FC | 7.47±0.38Cb | 19%FC |
Table 2 Relative soil water content under different treatments
Water application | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The thickness of the soil | WCK | WM | WL | |||
Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | Soil moisture content (%) | Relative water content | |
SCK | 19.16±0.71Aa | 48%FC | 14.13±0.32Ba | 36%FC | 10.81±0.33Ca | 27%FC |
SM | 20.55±0.53Aa | 51%FC | 12.86±0.46Ba | 32%FC | 9.36±0.70Ca | 24%FC |
SL | 21.05±0.57Aa | 52%FC | 12.60±0.71Ba | 32%FC | 7.47±0.38Cb | 19%FC |
Fig. 1 Effects of different thicknesses of the soil and water availability on infructescence (and seed) number and biomass of X. sibiricum and B. pilosa (M±SE) Notes: WCK, WM and WL: high (no reduction in water), moderate (50% reduction in water) and low (70% reduction in water) water availability, respectively. SCK, SM and SL: deep (70 cm), moderate (40 cm) and shallow (10 cm) thickness of the soil, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different thicknesses of the soil under the same water availability (P < 0.05). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different water availability levels under the same thickness of the soil.
Species | Treatment | F-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infructescence number | Seed number | Infructescence biomass | Seed biomass | ||
X. sibiricum | Water | 5.36** | 11.72** | 15.26** | 6.29** |
Soil | 58.43** | 78.79** | 85.97** | 118.18** | |
Water × Soil | 3.18* | 5.11** | 3.26* | 2.95* | |
B. pilosa | Water | 7.55** | 4.56* | 4.83* | 4.97* |
Soil | 216.49** | 142.38** | 212.94** | 162.22** | |
Water × Soil | 4.10** | 0.34ns | 1.36ns | 0.38ns |
Table 3 Results of Two-way ANOVA on the infructescence and seed number and biomass of X. sibiricum and B. pilosa
Species | Treatment | F-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infructescence number | Seed number | Infructescence biomass | Seed biomass | ||
X. sibiricum | Water | 5.36** | 11.72** | 15.26** | 6.29** |
Soil | 58.43** | 78.79** | 85.97** | 118.18** | |
Water × Soil | 3.18* | 5.11** | 3.26* | 2.95* | |
B. pilosa | Water | 7.55** | 4.56* | 4.83* | 4.97* |
Soil | 216.49** | 142.38** | 212.94** | 162.22** | |
Water × Soil | 4.10** | 0.34ns | 1.36ns | 0.38ns |
Fig. 2 The relationship between seed number and seed biomass of X. sibiricum (a) and B. pilosa (b) Note: r: Pearson’s correlation coefficient; α: Regression slope. WCK, WM and WL: high (no reduction in water), moderate (50% reduction in water) and low (70% reduction in water) water availability, respectively. SCK, SM and SL: deep (70 cm), moderate (40 cm) and shallow (10 cm) thickness of the soil, respectively; *, ** and *** indicate significant differences at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively; ns: no significant difference at the 0.05 level.
Fig. 3 The effect of different thicknesses of soil and water availability levels on offspring seed germination rates of X. sibiricum and B. pilosa Note: WCK, WM and WL: high (no reduction in water), moderate (50% reduction in water) and low (70% reduction in water) water availability, respectively. SCK, SM and SL: deep (70 cm), moderate (40 cm) and shallow (10 cm) thickness of the soil, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between the different thicknesses of soil under the same water availability level (P < 0.05).
[1] |
Bruno C, Roberta M C, Marco C, et al. 2003. Seed size, shape and persistence in soil: A test on Italian flora from Alps to Mediterranean coasts. Seed Science Research, 13(1): 75-85.
DOI URL |
[2] | Chen H S, Feng T, Li Z C, et al. 2018. Characteristics of soil erosion in the karst regions of Southwest China: Research advance and prospective. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 32(1): 10-16. (in Chinese) |
[3] | Chen L R, Li Y Y. 2018. Responses of seed production and vigor in Caragana korshinskii to simulated precipitation variation. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 33(6): 26-31. (in Chinese) |
[4] |
Coomes D A, Grubb P J. 2003. Colonization, tolerance, competition and seed-size variation within functional groups. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(6): 263-291.
DOI URL |
[5] | Dilixiati H, Wu H Q, Maimaitijiang T, et al. 2014. Module biomass structure of two Xanthium species in different ecological environment habitats. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 51(4): 708-713. (in Chinese) |
[6] |
Edwards B R, Burghardt L T, Zapata-Garcia M, et al. 2016. Maternal temperature effects on dormancy influence germination responses to water availability in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 126: 55-67.
DOI URL |
[7] |
Ellers J, Stuefer J F. 2010. Frontiers in phenotypic plasticity research: New questions about mechanisms, induced responses and ecological impact. Evolutionary Ecology, 24(3): 523-526.
DOI URL |
[8] |
Eric I, Ophélie R. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity for dispersal ability in the seed heteromorphic Crepis sancta (Asteraceae). Oikos, 93(1): 126-134.
DOI URL |
[9] |
Galloway L F. 2005. Maternal effects provide phenotypic adaptation to local environmental conditions. New Phytologist, 166(1): 93-100.
PMID |
[10] |
Greipsson S, Davy A J. 1995. Seed mass and germination behaviour in populations of the dune-building grass Leymus arenarius. Annals of Botany, 76(5): 493-501.
DOI URL |
[11] | He J Y, Zhang M J, Wang P, et al. 2011. Climate characteristics of the extreme drought events in Southwest China during recent 50 years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(9): 1179-1190. (in Chinese) |
[12] |
Jiang M, Lin Y, Chan T O, et al. 2020. Geologic factors leadingly drawing the macroecological pattern of rocky desertification in southwest China. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 465-474.
DOI URL |
[13] |
Jiang Z C, Lian Y Q, Qin X Q. 2014. Rocky desertification in Southwest China: Impacts, causes, and restoration. Earth-Science Reviews, 132(3): 1-12.
DOI URL |
[14] |
Kathleen D. 2009. Completing the cycle: Maternal effects as the missing link in plant life histories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 364(1520): 1059-1074.
DOI URL |
[15] | Lai L M, Tian Y, Wang Y J, et al. 2015. Distribution of three congeneric shrub species along an aridity gradient is related to seed germination and seedling emergence. AoB Plants, 7(1): 1-9. |
[16] |
Li S H, Liu J T, Li J M, et al. 2021. Reproductive strategies involving biomass allocation, reproductive phenology and seed production in two Asteraceae herbs growing in Karst soil varying in depth and water availability. Plant Ecology, 222(6): 737-747.
DOI URL |
[17] | Li S H, Zhao Y J, Wang L, et al. 2019. Growth and biomass allocation strategies of two different photosynthetic plants in rocky desertification habitats. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science), 36(4): 106-111. (in Chinese) |
[18] | Li X L, Wen H R, Wang X S, et al. 2018a. Phenotypic plasticity of Distylium chinense leaves in relation to soil environmental factors in heterogeneous habitats in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(10): 3581-3591. (in Chinese) |
[19] |
Li Z, Liu J C, Zhao Y J, et al. 2017. Adaption of two grasses to soil thickness variation under different water treatments in a Karst region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(5): 298-306. (in Chinese)
DOI URL |
[20] | Li Z, Zhao Y J, Song H Y, et al. 2018b. Effects of karst soil thickness heterogeneity on the leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic traits of two grasses under different water treatments. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(2): 721-732. (in Chinese) |
[21] | Lin H. 2018. The comparison study on reproductive ecology of Xanthium italicum Moretti and Xanthium sibiricum Patr.ex Widd. Diss., Shihezi, China: Shihezi University. (in Chinese) |
[22] | Liu J Y, Du J C, Wang Z L, et al. 2018. Response of Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L. to PEG drought stress in seed germination period. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 40(3): 27-34. (in Chinese) |
[23] | Liu R H, Chen L, Tu H R, et al. 2020. Niche and interspecific association of main species in shrub layer of Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in karst hills of Guilin, southwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40(6): 2057-2071. (in Chinese) |
[24] |
Liu Y, El-Kassaby Y A. 2015. Timing of seed germination correlated with temperature-based environmental conditions during seed development in conifers. Seed Science Research, 25(1): 29-45.
DOI URL |
[25] | Luo W R, Hu G Z, Ganjurjav H, et al. 2021. Effects of simulated drought on plant phenology and productivity in an alpine meadow in Northern Tibet. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 30(2): 82-92. (in Chinese) |
[26] | Lv H C. 2015. Comprehend the life cycle of green flowering plants from the life of specific plants-teaching suggestions on “the life of green flowering plants”. Biology Teaching Journal, 40(11): 29-30. (in Chinese) |
[27] |
Mark W, Michelle L, Janice L, et al. 1996. Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal [and discussion]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 351(1345): 1309-1318.
DOI URL |
[28] |
Megumi K K, Inoue M, Ryoma K, et al. 2020. Seed size and weight of 129 tree species in Japan. Ecological Research, 35(5): 787-791.
DOI URL |
[29] | Ove E. 1999. Seed size variation and its effect on germination and seedling performance in the clonal herb Convallaria majalis. Acta Oecologica, 20(1): 61-66. |
[30] |
Pake C E, Venable D L. 1996. Seed banks in desert annuals: Implications for persistence and coexistence in variable environments. Ecology, 77(5): 1427-1435.
DOI URL |
[31] |
Schmuths H, Bachmann K, Weber W E, et al. 2006. Effects of preconditioning and temperature during germination of 73 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Annals of Botany, 97(4): 623-634.
PMID |
[32] |
Sultan S E. 2000. Phenotypic plasticity for plant development, function and life history. Trends in Plant Science, 5(12): 537-542.
PMID |
[33] | Teng N J. 2006. Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana sexual reproduction patterns and leaf characteristics to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Diss., Beijing, China: Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences. |
[34] |
Wang K L, Zhang C H, Chen H S, et al. 2019. Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services. Landscape Ecology, 34(12): 2743-2763.
DOI URL |
[35] | Wu G L, Du G Z, Shang Z H. 2006. Contribution of seed size and its fate to vegetation renewal: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17(10): 1969-1972. (in Chinese) |
[36] | Xiao F, Sang J, Wang H M. 2020. Effects of climate change on typical grassland plant phenology in Ewenki, Inner Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40(8): 2784-2792. (in Chinese) |
[37] | Yan D C, Wen A B, Bao Y H, et al. 2008. The distribution of 137Cs in hilly upland soil on the Qianzhong Karst Plateau. Earth and Environment, 36(4): 342-347. (in Chinese) |
[38] | Yan X H, Zeng J J, Zhou B, et al. 2019. Effects of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of heteromorphic achenes of Bidens alba. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 38(11): 3327-3334. (in Chinese) |
[39] |
Zhang J, Wang J M, Chen J Y, et al. 2019. Soil moisture determines horizontal and vertical root extension in the perennial grass Lolium perenne L. growing in Karst soil. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 629. DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2019.00629.
DOI PMID |
[40] |
Zhao R M, Zhang H, An L Z. 2019. Plant size influences abundance of floral visitors and biomass allocation for the cushion plant Thylacospermum caespitosum under an extreme alpine environment. Ecology and Evolution, 9(9): 5501-5511.
DOI URL |
[41] | Zhao Y J, Li Z, Song H Y, et al. 2017a. Effects of decline in soil depth and water resource on the photosynthesis of two grasses under mixed plan-tation in Karst regions. Pratacultural Science, 34(7): 1475-1486. (in Chinese) |
[42] |
Zhao Y J, Li Z, Zhang J, et al. 2017b. Do shallow soil, low water availability, or their combination increase the competition between grasses with different root systems in Karst soil? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(11): 10640-10651.
DOI URL |
[43] | Zhou Y C, Wang S J, Lu H M. 2010. Spatial distribution of soils during the process of karst rocky desertification. Earth and Environment, 38(1): 1-7. (in Chinese) |
[44] | Zhu Y. 2019. Effects of simulated rainfall pattern and sowing time on phenology and progeny seed germination characteristics of two annual plants. Diss., Changchun, China: Northeast Normal University. |
[45] | Zhu Z H, Wang G. 2002. Study on the phenotypic plasticity and reproductive allocation of Avena sativa L. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 38(1): 76-83. (in Chinese) |
No related articles found! |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||