Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2022, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 161-172.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.01.017
• Industry Ecology and Regional Development • Previous Articles
LUN Fei1(), LI Hong2, HU Qiyuan1, GAO Xiang1, ZHA Sihan1, HUO Wei1, ZHANG Dan3, XIAO Xiao1,*(
)
Received:
2021-08-23
Accepted:
2021-10-27
Online:
2022-01-30
Published:
2022-01-08
Contact:
XIAO Xiao
About author:
LUN Fei, E-mail: lunfei@cau.edu.cn
Supported by:
LUN Fei, LI Hong, HU Qiyuan, GAO Xiang, ZHA Sihan, HUO Wei, ZHANG Dan, XIAO Xiao. Estimating the Spatial and Temporal Changes in the Green Development Level in Beijing during 2006-2016[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2022, 13(1): 161-172.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2022.01.017
Fig. 1 The study area and its associated green development indicators. (a) Location of the study area in China; (b) Locations of the functional zones in the study area; (c) Average concentrations of PM2.5 of each functional zone in 2006 and 2016; (d) GDP per capita of each functional zone in 2006 and 2016. Note 1: Here and elsewhere in this essay, CFZ means the core of functional zone, includes Dongcheng and Xicheng; FEZ means the functional expansion zone, includes Chaoyang, Fengtai, Shijingshan and Haidian; UDZ means the urban development zone, includes Fangshan, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Changping and Daxing; and ERZ means the ecological reservation zone, includes Mentougou, Huairou, Pinggu, Miyun and Yanqing.
Dimension | Indicator | Negative or positive |
---|---|---|
Green Production | P1: Energy consumption per GDP | Negative |
P2: Electricity consumption per GDP | Negative | |
P3: Water supply per GDP | Negative | |
P4: Energy consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P5: Electricity consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P6: Water consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P7: GDP per capita | Positive | |
P8: GDP per unit area | Positive | |
Green Living | L1: The number of cars per capita | Negative |
L2: The number of cars per unit area | Negative | |
L3: Household energy consumption per capita | Negative | |
L4: Household water consumption per capita | Negative | |
L5: The number of public libraries per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L6: The number of hospitals per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L7: The number of stadiums per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L8: The harmless treatment rate of household waste | Positive | |
Green Environment | E1: The density of population | Negative |
E2: The coverage rate of forest | Positive | |
E3: The annual average concentration of SO2 | Negative | |
E4: The annual average concentration of NO2 | Negative | |
E5: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 | Negative |
Table 1 The evaluation index system of green development in Beijing
Dimension | Indicator | Negative or positive |
---|---|---|
Green Production | P1: Energy consumption per GDP | Negative |
P2: Electricity consumption per GDP | Negative | |
P3: Water supply per GDP | Negative | |
P4: Energy consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P5: Electricity consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P6: Water consumption per unit area | Negative | |
P7: GDP per capita | Positive | |
P8: GDP per unit area | Positive | |
Green Living | L1: The number of cars per capita | Negative |
L2: The number of cars per unit area | Negative | |
L3: Household energy consumption per capita | Negative | |
L4: Household water consumption per capita | Negative | |
L5: The number of public libraries per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L6: The number of hospitals per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L7: The number of stadiums per ten thousand people | Positive | |
L8: The harmless treatment rate of household waste | Positive | |
Green Environment | E1: The density of population | Negative |
E2: The coverage rate of forest | Positive | |
E3: The annual average concentration of SO2 | Negative | |
E4: The annual average concentration of NO2 | Negative | |
E5: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 | Negative |
Dimension | Indicator | Weight |
---|---|---|
Green production 1.3900 | P1: Energy consumption per GDP | 0.1200 |
P2: Electricity consumption per GDP | 0.0654 | |
P3: Water supply per GDP | 0.0800 | |
P4: Energy consumption per unit area | 0.3132 | |
P5: Electricity consumption per unit area | 0.2306 | |
P6: Water consumption per unit area | 0.3668 | |
P7: GDP per capita | 0.0590 | |
P8: GDP per unit area | 0.1622 | |
Green living 1.4100 | L1: The number of cars per capita | 0.1800 |
L2: The number of cars per unit area | 0.2347 | |
L3: Household energy consumption per capita | 0.1263 | |
L4: Household water consumption per capita | 0.1551 | |
L5: The number of public libraries per ten thousand people | 0.1254 | |
L6: The number of hospitals per ten thousand people | 0.1279 | |
L7: The number of stadiums per ten thousand people | 0.3193 | |
L8: The harmless treatment rate of household waste | 0.1422 | |
Green environment 1.3281 | E1: The density of population | 0.3327 |
E2: The coverage rate of forest | 0.3722 | |
E3: The annual average concentration of SO2 | 0.1961 | |
E4: The annual average concentration of NO2 | 0.2148 | |
E5: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 | 0.2123 |
Table 2 The evaluation index system of green development in Beijing and the indicator and dimension scores
Dimension | Indicator | Weight |
---|---|---|
Green production 1.3900 | P1: Energy consumption per GDP | 0.1200 |
P2: Electricity consumption per GDP | 0.0654 | |
P3: Water supply per GDP | 0.0800 | |
P4: Energy consumption per unit area | 0.3132 | |
P5: Electricity consumption per unit area | 0.2306 | |
P6: Water consumption per unit area | 0.3668 | |
P7: GDP per capita | 0.0590 | |
P8: GDP per unit area | 0.1622 | |
Green living 1.4100 | L1: The number of cars per capita | 0.1800 |
L2: The number of cars per unit area | 0.2347 | |
L3: Household energy consumption per capita | 0.1263 | |
L4: Household water consumption per capita | 0.1551 | |
L5: The number of public libraries per ten thousand people | 0.1254 | |
L6: The number of hospitals per ten thousand people | 0.1279 | |
L7: The number of stadiums per ten thousand people | 0.3193 | |
L8: The harmless treatment rate of household waste | 0.1422 | |
Green environment 1.3281 | E1: The density of population | 0.3327 |
E2: The coverage rate of forest | 0.3722 | |
E3: The annual average concentration of SO2 | 0.1961 | |
E4: The annual average concentration of NO2 | 0.2148 | |
E5: The annual average concentration of PM2.5 | 0.2123 |
Fig. 2 The overall trend of green development in Beijing during the research period. (a) The green development index of Beijing from 2006 to 2016; (b) Box diagram of the green development index in Beijing from 2006 to 2016.
Fig. 4 Changes in the green development in Beijing during the study period. (a) Annual rate of magnitude increase of green development in Beijing; (b) Annual rate of percentage increase of green development in Beijing.
Fig. 5 Comparison of green development components in Beijing. (a) The composition of green development in 2006; (b) The composition of green development in 2016.
Fig. 7 Relationship between the coverage rate of forest (E2) and the annual average concentration of PM2.5 (E5) in function zones Note: The size each bubble represents the level of GDP per capita (P7) and its color represents the functional zones.
Fig. 8 Changes in the coverage rate of forest (E2) and the level of GDP per capita (P7) between 2006 and 2016 Note: The angle formed by the direction of each arrow and the abscissa can be used to characterize the rate of regional economic development and ecological development.
Fig. 9 Comparative situation of green development characteristic indexes in different regions of Beijing analyzed in 2006 and 2016. (a) The energy consumption per GDP in 2006 and 2016; (b) The water supply per GDP in 2006 and 2016; (c) The number of hospitals per ten thousand people in each functional zone; (d) The number of stadiums per ten thousand people in each functional zone. Note: CFAFEZ means CFZ and FEZ, the two regions are shown together due to the small amount of water supply per GDP and the small intra-regional differences.
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