Suppressive Effects of Traditional Mulching Using Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) on Solanaceae Crop Diseases

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.06.014

Abstract

Abstract:

Poaceae plant species, such as silver grass, are commonly used in mulching activities Japan. In contrast, local farmers have traditionally used Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) mulch in the cultivation of solanaceous crops in the Nishi-Awa area of Japan, which is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site. We have previously evaluated the positive effects of Japanese knotweed mulching on solanaceous crops, such as eggplants, tomato, and potato. In the present study, we observed that the naturally occurring diseases in the solanaceous crops tended to decrease when the knotweed mulching system was adopted, in comparison to when Poaceae mulch was adopted. In eggplants, leaf mold and powdery mildew decreased under Japanese knotweed mulching. We further evaluated the effects of Japanese knotweed mulching by inoculating test plants with Pseudomonas cichorii. We observed suppression of bacterial disease and tomato mosaic virus under Japanese knotweed mulching and following spraying with Japanese knotweed extracts. In addition, disease-resistance genes were expressed at high levels in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant, following treatment with Japanese knotweed extracts. The results suggest that Japanese knotweed has potential applications in future sustainable agriculture activities.

Key words: Traditional Ecological Knowledges (TEK), Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), Japanese knotweed, Solanaceae, mulching, systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

INAGAKI Hidehiro, KUBOTA Sakiko, HASEGAWA Kana, UNNO Nahoko, USUI Yukiko, TAKIKAWA Yuichi. Suppressive Effects of Traditional Mulching Using Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) on Solanaceae Crop Diseases[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(6): 869-875.

Figures/Tables 4

References 50

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Mulching treatments	2016						2017
	Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii)			Powdery mildew			Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii)
	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value
Japanese knotweed mulching	4/5	53.5	5.3	1/5	3.0 a	75.0	4/5	11.0 a	66.2
Silver grass mulching	4/5	49.5	10.5	1/5	3.0 a	75.0	4/5	25.0 ab	23.1
Non-treatment	4/5	59.5	-	4/5	12.0 b	-	5/5	32.5 b	-
ANOVA	ns			**			*

Mulching treatments	2016						2017
	Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii)			Powdery mildew			Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella nattrassii)
	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	No. of diseased plants	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value
Japanese knotweed mulching	4/5	53.5	5.3	1/5	3.0 a	75.0	4/5	11.0 a	66.2
Silver grass mulching	4/5	49.5	10.5	1/5	3.0 a	75.0	4/5	25.0 ab	23.1
Non-treatment	4/5	59.5	-	4/5	12.0 b	-	5/5	32.5 b	-
ANOVA	ns			**			*

Mulching treatments	Bacterial concentration (×10)		Bacterial concentration (×1)
Mulching treatments	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value
Japanese knotweed mulching	24.2 a	53.0	13.9 a	62.9
Silver grass mulching	45.8 b	11.1	28.7 ab	23.5
Non-treatment	51.5 b	-	37.5 b	-
ANOVA	**		*

Mulching treatments	Bacterial concentration (×10)		Bacterial concentration (×1)
Mulching treatments	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value
Japanese knotweed mulching	24.2 a	53.0	13.9 a	62.9
Silver grass mulching	45.8 b	11.1	28.7 ab	23.5
Non-treatment	51.5 b	-	37.5 b	-
ANOVA	**		*

Mulching treatments	Tomato spotted bacterial disease (Pseudomonas syringae)				Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV)
Mulching treatments	No. of diseased plants	No. of diseased leaves	Lesion area percentage (%)	Preventive value	No. of diseased plants	No. of diseased leaves	Preventive value
Japanese knotweed mulching	5/5	4.8 ab	13.5	15.7	2/5	0.8 ab	43.9
Japanese knotweed extract	5/5	3.6 a	11.5	28.2	0/5	0 a	100.0
Non-treatment	5/5	5.0 b	16.0	0	3/5	1.4 b	0
ANOVA		*	ns			*