Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2021, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 743-756.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.06.003
• Ecosystem Assessment in Altay Region • Previous Articles Next Articles
TIAN Jie1(), XIONG Junnan1, ZHANG Yichi2,*(
), CHENG Weiming3,4,5,6, HE Yuchuan1, YE Chongchong1, HE Wen1
Received:
2021-04-01
Accepted:
2021-06-15
Online:
2021-11-30
Published:
2022-01-30
Contact:
ZHANG Yichi
About author:
TIAN Jie, E-mail: tj104959@163.com
Supported by:
TIAN Jie, XIONG Junnan, ZHANG Yichi, CHENG Weiming, HE Yuchuan, YE Chongchong, HE Wen. Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Grassland NPP in Altay Prefecture[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(6): 743-756.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.06.003
P and Slope values | Classification level |
---|---|
Slope<0, P<0.01 | Extremely Significant Decrease (ESD) |
Slope<0, 0.01≤P<0.05 | Significant Decrease (SD) |
Slope<0, 0.05≤P | Not Significant Decrease (NSD) |
Slope>0, P<0.01 | Extremely Significant Increase (ESI) |
Slope>0, 0.01≤P<0.05 | Significant Increase (SI) |
Slope>0, 0.05≤P | Not Significant Increase (NSI) |
Table 1 Significance test of the NPPA change trend and classification levels
P and Slope values | Classification level |
---|---|
Slope<0, P<0.01 | Extremely Significant Decrease (ESD) |
Slope<0, 0.01≤P<0.05 | Significant Decrease (SD) |
Slope<0, 0.05≤P | Not Significant Decrease (NSD) |
Slope>0, P<0.01 | Extremely Significant Increase (ESI) |
Slope>0, 0.01≤P<0.05 | Significant Increase (SI) |
Slope>0, 0.05≤P | Not Significant Increase (NSI) |
Hypothesis | Scenario | SP | SH | Relative relation | Relative roles of climate change and human activities |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA>0 (Restoration) | Scenario 1 | >0 | >0 | |SP|>|SH| | Climate is the dominant trigger responsible for grassland restoration (CDR) |
Scenario 2 | <0 | <0 | |SP|<|SH| | Human activities are the dominant factor that controls the grassland restoration (HDR) | |
Scenario 3 | >0 | <0 | Climate change and human activities act together to promote grassland restoration (BDR) | ||
SA<0 (Degradation) | Scenario 4 | >0 | >0 | |SP|<|SH| | Grassland degradation is mainly caused by human activities such as overgrazing, over-reclamation (HDD) |
Scenario 5 | <0 | <0 | |SP|>|SH| | Climate plays a dominant role in grassland degradation (CDD) | |
Scenario 6 | <0 | >0 | Climate change and human activities are both responsible for grassland (BDD) |
Table 2 Methods for assessing the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to grassland restoration or degradation
Hypothesis | Scenario | SP | SH | Relative relation | Relative roles of climate change and human activities |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA>0 (Restoration) | Scenario 1 | >0 | >0 | |SP|>|SH| | Climate is the dominant trigger responsible for grassland restoration (CDR) |
Scenario 2 | <0 | <0 | |SP|<|SH| | Human activities are the dominant factor that controls the grassland restoration (HDR) | |
Scenario 3 | >0 | <0 | Climate change and human activities act together to promote grassland restoration (BDR) | ||
SA<0 (Degradation) | Scenario 4 | >0 | >0 | |SP|<|SH| | Grassland degradation is mainly caused by human activities such as overgrazing, over-reclamation (HDD) |
Scenario 5 | <0 | <0 | |SP|>|SH| | Climate plays a dominant role in grassland degradation (CDD) | |
Scenario 6 | <0 | >0 | Climate change and human activities are both responsible for grassland (BDD) |
Fig. 2 Comparison between the mean NPP of the CASA model and the mean NPP of the MOD17A3 products from 2000 to 2019: (a) Correlation analysis of the two data sources; (b) The mean NPP of the CASA model; (c) The mean NPP of the MOD17A3 products.
H and Slope value | Classification level |
---|---|
Slope<0, H<0.1 and Slope>0, 0.9≤H | Strong Favorable Direction (SFD) |
Slope<0, 0.1≤H<0.3 and Slope>0, 0.7≤ H<0.9 | Weak Favorable Direction (WFD) |
Slope<0, 0.9≤ H and Slope>0, H<0.1 | Strong Unfavorable Direction (SUD) |
Slope<0, 0.7≤ H<0.9 and Slope>0, 0.1≤H<0.3 | Weak Unfavorable Direction (WUD) |
Slope<0, 0.5≤H<0.7 and Slope>0, 0.3≤H<0.5 | Uncertain Direction (UD) |
Slope<0, 0.3≤H<0.5 and Slope>0, 0.5<H<0.7 | Continuously Unchanged (CU) |
Table 3 Classified results of evolving tendency of NPPA from 2000 to 2019 in Altay Prefecture
H and Slope value | Classification level |
---|---|
Slope<0, H<0.1 and Slope>0, 0.9≤H | Strong Favorable Direction (SFD) |
Slope<0, 0.1≤H<0.3 and Slope>0, 0.7≤ H<0.9 | Weak Favorable Direction (WFD) |
Slope<0, 0.9≤ H and Slope>0, H<0.1 | Strong Unfavorable Direction (SUD) |
Slope<0, 0.7≤ H<0.9 and Slope>0, 0.1≤H<0.3 | Weak Unfavorable Direction (WUD) |
Slope<0, 0.5≤H<0.7 and Slope>0, 0.3≤H<0.5 | Uncertain Direction (UD) |
Slope<0, 0.3≤H<0.5 and Slope>0, 0.5<H<0.7 | Continuously Unchanged (CU) |
Fig. 3 Dynamic analysis of grassland net primary productivity in Altay Prefecture: (a) Significance test of NPPA change trend from 2000 to 2019; (b) Spatial distribution of the direction of the evolving tendency. Note: The abbreviations in figure see in Table 1 and Table 3.
Fig. 5 Relative contributions of climate and human factors to grassland changes in Altay Prefecture from 2000 to 2019 Note: (a) Restoration effect. CDR, HDR, and BDR denote grassland restoration that is dominated by climate change, human activities, and the combination of the two factors, respectively; (b) Degradation effect. HDD, CDD, and BDD denote grassland degradation that is dominated by human activities, climate change, and the combination of the two factors, respectively.
Study area | Study period | Mean annual NPP (g C m‒2 yr‒1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Altay Prefecture | 2000-2020 | 64.25 (Temperate desert) | This study |
Xinjiang | 2001-2014 | 65.73 (Temperate desert) | Zhang et al., |
Xinjiang | 2000-2010 | 57.68 (Temperate steppe) | Yang et al., |
Xinjiang | 2000-2014 | 54.66 (Temperate desert) | Ren et al., |
Table 4 Comparisons of the values simulated in this study with those of other studies
Study area | Study period | Mean annual NPP (g C m‒2 yr‒1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Altay Prefecture | 2000-2020 | 64.25 (Temperate desert) | This study |
Xinjiang | 2001-2014 | 65.73 (Temperate desert) | Zhang et al., |
Xinjiang | 2000-2010 | 57.68 (Temperate steppe) | Yang et al., |
Xinjiang | 2000-2014 | 54.66 (Temperate desert) | Ren et al., |
Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of correlation coefficients between NPPA and influencing factors Note: (a) Annual total precipitation; (b) Annual mean temperature.
[1] | Chao Z H, 2004. Remote sensing monitoring of natural grassland in Altay area. Diss., Lanzhou, China: Gansu Agricultural University. (in Chinese) |
[2] | Chen B X, Zhang X Z, Tao J, et al. 2014. The impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on alpine grassland over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Agricultural Forest Meteorology, 189: 11-18. |
[3] |
Chen D M, Lan Z C, Hu S J, et al. 2015. Effects of nitrogen enrichment on belowground communities in grassland: Relative role of soil nitrogen availability vs. soil acidification. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 89: 99-108.
DOI URL |
[4] |
Chen T, Bao A M, Jiapaer G, et al. 2019. Disentangling the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on arid and semiarid grasslands in Central Asia during 1982-2015. Science of the Total Environment, 653: 1311-1325.
DOI |
[5] |
Du X D, Jin X B, Yang X L, et al. 2014. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving force in Jiangsu Province. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(3): 3215-3232.
DOI URL |
[6] |
Feng Y F, Wu J S, Zhang J, et al. 2017. Identifying the relative contributions of climate and grazing to both direction and magnitude of alpine grassland productivity dynamics from 1993 to 2011 on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing, 9(2): 136. DOI: 10.3390/rs9020136.
DOI URL |
[7] | Fu Q, Li B, Hou Y, et al. 2017. Effects of land use and climate change on ecosystem services in Central Asia’s arid regions: A case study in Altay Prefecture, China. Science of the Total Environment, 607-608: 633-646. |
[8] |
Gang C C, Zhou W, Chen Y Z, et al. 2014. Quantitative assessment of the contributions of climate change and human activities on global grassland degradation. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72(11): 4273-4282.
DOI URL |
[9] |
Gollnow F, Lakes T B. 2014. Policy change, land use, and agriculture: The case of soy production and cattle ranching in Brazil, 2001-2012. Applied Geography, 55: 203-211.
DOI URL |
[10] | Han W Y, Zhang C, Zeng Y, et al. 2018. Spatio-temporal changes and driving factors in the net primary productivity of Lhasa River Basin from 2000 to 2015. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(24): 8787-8798. (in Chinese) |
[11] | Hu Z T, 2016. China grassland eco-compensation mechanism: Empirical research in Inner Mongolia and Gansu. Diss, Beijing, China: China Agricultural University. (in Chinese) |
[12] | Jia J H, Liu H Y, Lin Z S. 2019. Multi-time scale changes of vegetation NPP in six provinces of northwest China and their responses to climate change. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(14): 5058-5069. (in Chinese) |
[13] | Jiang L L, Guli·Jiapaer, Bao A M, et al. 2017. Vegetation dynamics and responses to climate change and human activities in Central Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 599-600: 967-980. |
[14] | Jiao W, Chen Y N, Li Z. 2017. Remote sensing estimation and the reasons for temporal-spatial differences of vegetation net primary productivity in arid region of Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 36(1): 181-189. (in Chinese) |
[15] |
Li C H, Wang Y, Wu X, et al. 2021. Reducing human activity promotes environmental restoration in arid and semi-arid regions: A case study in Northwest China. Science of the Total Environment, 768: 144525. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144525.
DOI URL |
[16] | Li G C, 2004. Estimation of Chinese terrestrial net primary production using LUE Model and MODIS data. Diss., Beijing, China: The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (in Chinese) |
[17] |
Li J J, Peng S Z, Li Z. 2017. Detecting and attributing vegetation changes on China’s Loess Plateau. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 247: 260-270.
DOI URL |
[18] |
Li L H, Zhang Y L, Liu L S, et al. 2018. Current challenges in distinguishing climatic and anthropogenic contributions to alpine grassland variation on the Tibetan Plateau. Ecology and Evolution, 8(11): 5949-5963.
DOI URL |
[19] |
Li Q, Zhang C L, Shen Y P, et al. 2016. Quantitative assessment of the relative roles of climate change and human activities in desertification processes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on net primary productivity. Catena, 147: 789-796.
DOI URL |
[20] | Li W H, Ren T R, Zhou Z B, et al. 2005. Study on the soil physicochemical characteristics of biological crusts on sand-dune surface in Gurbantnggtt Desert, Xinjiang Region. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(4): 619-626. (in Chinese) |
[21] |
Li Z, Pan J H. 2018. Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation net primary productivity in the arid region of Northwest China, 2001 to 2012. Frontiers of Earth Science, 12(1): 108-124.
DOI URL |
[22] | Liang C L. 2014. NDVI changes of the Nansi Lake in Shandong Province of China. Advanced Materials Research, 919: 1659-1662. |
[23] |
Liang W, Yang Y T, Fan D M, et al. 2015. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of net primary production and their climate controls in China from 1982 to 2010. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 204: 22-36.
DOI URL |
[24] | Lieth H, Whittaker R H. 1975. Modeling the primary productivity of the World. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://citations.springernature.com/item?doi=10.1007/978-3-642-80913-2_12. |
[25] |
Lin J K, Guan Q Y, Tian J, et al. 2020. Assessing temporal trends of soil erosion and sediment redistribution in the Hexi Corridor region using the integrated RUSLE-TLSD model. CATENA, 195: 104756. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104756.
DOI URL |
[26] |
Liu Y Y, Wang Q, Zhang Z Y, et al. 2019a. Grassland dynamics in responses to climate variation and human activities in China from 2000 to 2013. Science of the Total Environment, 690: 27-39.
DOI URL |
[27] |
Liu Y Y, Zhang Z Y, Tong L J, et al. 2019b. Assessing the effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland degradation and restoration across the globe. Ecological Indicators, 106: 105504. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105504.
DOI URL |
[28] |
Mu S J, Li J L, Yang H F, et al. 2013. Spatio-temporal variation analysis of grassland net primary productivity and its relationship with climate over the past 10 years in Inner Mongolia. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 22(3): 6. DOI: 10.11686/cyxb20130302. (in Chinese)
DOI |
[29] |
Ni J. 2002. Carbon storage in grasslands of China. Journal of Arid Environments, 50(2): 205-218.
DOI URL |
[30] |
Niu S L, Wu M Y, Han Y, et al. 2008. Water-mediated responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to climatic change in a temperate steppe. New Phytologist, 177(1): 209-219.
DOI URL |
[31] | Pan J J, Li Z. 2015. Temporal-spatial change of vegetation net primary productivity in the arid region of Northwest China during 2001 and 2012. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 34(12): 3333-3340. (in Chinese) |
[32] |
Patrick L, Cable J, Potts D, et al. 2007. Effects of an increase in summer precipitation on leaf, soil, and ecosystem fluxes of CO2 and H2O in a sotol grassland in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Oecologia, 151(4): 704-718.
PMID |
[33] |
Piao S L, Fang J Y, He J S. 2006. Variations in vegetation net primary production in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China, from 1982 to 1999. Climatic Change, 74(1-3): 253-267.
DOI URL |
[34] |
Potter C, Klooster S, Genovese V. 2012. Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009. Climatic Change, 115(2): 365-378.
DOI URL |
[35] | Qin J X, Hao X M, Zhang Y, et al. 2020. Effects of climate change and human activities on vegetation productivity in arid areas. Arid Land Geography, 43(1): 117-125. (in Chinese) |
[36] |
Ravi S, Breshears D D, Huxman T E, et al. 2010. Land degradation in drylands: Interactions among hydrologic-aeolian erosion and vegetation dynamics. Geomorphology, 116(3-4): 236-245.
DOI URL |
[37] | Ren X, Zheng J H, Mu C, et al. 2017, Correlation analysis of the apatial-temporal variation of grassland net primary productivity and climate factors in Xinjiang in the past 15 years. Ecological Science, 36(3): 43-51. (in Chinese) |
[38] |
Running S W, Nemani R R, Heinsch F A, et al. 2004. A continuous satellite-derived measure of global terrestrial primary production. BioScience, 54(6): 547-560.
DOI URL |
[39] |
Schweizer P E, Matlack G R. 2014. Factors driving land use change and forest distribution on the coastal plain of Mississippi, USA. Landscape Urban Planning, 121: 55-64.
DOI URL |
[40] | Sun H Z, Wang J Y, Xiong J N, et al. 2021. Vegetation change and its response to climate change in Yunnan Province, China. Advances in Meteorology, 12: 1-20. |
[41] | Tong L J, Liu Y Y, Zhang Z Y, et al. 2020. Quantitative assessment on the relative effects of climate variation and human activities on grassland dynamics in Northwest China. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 27(6): 202-210. (in Chinese) |
[42] | Wang T, Zhu Z. 2003. Study on sandy desertification in China: 1. Definition of sandy desertification and its connotation. Journal of Desert Research, 23(3): 209-214. (in Chinese) |
[43] |
Wang Z Q, Zhang Y Z, Yang Y, et al. 2016. Quantitative assess the driving forces on the grassland degradation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in China. Ecological Informatics, 33: 32-44.
DOI URL |
[44] |
Xu D Y, Kang X W, Zhuang D F, et al. 2010. Multi-scale quantitative assessment of the relative roles of climate change and human activities in desertification—A case study of the Ordos Plateau, China. Journal of Arid Environments, 74(4): 498-507.
DOI URL |
[45] |
Xu H J, Wang X P, Zhang X X. 2016. Alpine grasslands response to climatic factors and anthropogenic activities on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2012. Ecological Engineering, 92: 251-259.
DOI URL |
[46] |
Yan Y C, Liu X P, Wen Y Y, et al. 2019. Quantitative analysis of the contributions of climatic and human factors to grassland productivity in northern China. Ecological Indicators, 103: 542-553.
DOI URL |
[47] | Yang H F, Gang C C, Mu S J, et al. 2014. Analysis of the spatio-temporal variation in net primary productivity of grassland during the past 10 years in Xinjiang. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 23(3): 39-50. (in Chinese) |
[48] |
Yang Y, Wang Z Q, Li J L, et al. 2016. Comparative assessment of grassland degradation dynamics in response to climate variation and human activities in China, Mongolia, Pakistan and Uzbekistan from 2000 to 2013. Journal of Arid Environments, 135: 164-172.
DOI URL |
[49] |
Ye C C, Sun J, Liu M, et al. 2020. Concurrent and lagged effects of extreme drought induce net reduction in vegetation carbon uptake on Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing, 12(15): 2347. DOI: 10.3390/rs12152347.
DOI URL |
[50] | Yu G, Lu C X, Xie G D. 2005, Progress in ecosystem services of grassland. Resources Science, 27(6): 172-179. (in Chinese) |
[51] | Zhang H Y, Fan J W, Shao Q Q, et al. 2016. Ecosystem dynamics in the ‘Returning Rangeland to Grassland’ programs, China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 25(4): 1-15. (in Chinese) |
[52] | Zhang R P, Guo J, Zhang Y L. 2020. Spatial distribution pattern of NPP of Xinjiang grassland and its response to climatic changes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 40(15): 5318-5326. (in Chinese) |
[53] | Zhang R P, Liang T G, Guo J, et al. 2018. Grassland dynamics in response to climate change and human activities in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2014. Scientific Reports, 8(1): 1-11. |
[54] | Zhang W. 2013. Xinjiang analysis of the grazing withdrawal compensation mechanism performance—Aletai area as an example. Diss., Urumqi, China: Xinjiang Agricultural University. (in Chinese) |
[55] |
Zheng K, Wei J Z, Pei J Y, et al. 2019. Impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland vegetation variation in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Science of the Total Environment, 660: 236-244.
DOI |
[56] |
Zhou W, Gang C C, Zhou F C, et al. 2015. Quantitative assessment of the individual contribution of climate and human factors to desertification in northwest China using net primary productivity as an indicator. Ecological Indicators, 48: 560-569.
DOI URL |
[57] | Zhu W Q. 2005. Estimation of net primary productivity of Chinese terrestrial vegetation based on remoting sensing and its relationship with global climate change. Diss., Beijing, China: Beijing Normal University. (in Chinese) |
[58] | Zhu Y Y, Han L, Zhao Y H, et al. 2019. Simulation and spatio-temporal pattern of vegetation NPP in Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 38(6): 1861-1871. (in Chinese) |
[1] | HE Yuchuan, XIONG Junnan, CHENG Weiming, YE Chongchong, HE Wen, YONG Zhiwei, TIAN Jie. Spatiotemporal Pattern and Driving Force Analysis of Vegetation Variation in Altay Prefecture based on Google Earth Engine [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(6): 729-742. |
[2] | LIU Hao, SHU Chang, ZHOU Tingting, LIU Peng. Trade-off and Synergy Relationships of Ecosystem Services and Driving Force Analysis based on Land Cover Change in Altay Prefecture [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(6): 777-790. |
[3] | ZHANG Mengyu, ZHANG Li, REN Xiaoli, HE Honglin, LV Yan, WANG Junbang, YAN Huimin. Effect of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Changes in Net Primary Productivity in Karst Areas of Southwest China: A Case Study of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(6): 606-616. |
[4] | SHI Peili, WU Ning, Gopal S. RAWAT. The Distribution Patterns of Timberline and Its Response to Climate Change in the Himalayas [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(4): 342-348. |
[5] | WANG Xiangtao, ZHANG Xianzhou, WANG Junhao, NIU Ben. Variations in the Drought Severity Index in Response to Climate Change on the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(3): 304-314. |
[6] | XIANG Ling, GAO Xiang, PENG Yuhui, LIANG Jie. Coupling the Occurrence of Correlative Plant Species to Predict the Habitat Suitability for Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) under Climate Change: A Case Study in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(2): 140-149. |
[7] | Raju RAI, Basanta PAUDEL, GU Changjun, Narendra Raj KHANAL. Change in the Distribution of National Bird (Himalayan Monal) Habitat in Gandaki River Basin, Central Himalayas [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(2): 223-231. |
[8] | LIU Yuanzhe, SONG Wei, ZHAO Dongsheng, GAO Jiangbo. Progress in Research on the Influences of Climatic Changes on the Industrial Economy in China [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(1): 1-12. |
[9] | Eric Ariel L. SALAS, Raul VALDEZ, Stefan MICHEL, Kenneth G. BOYKIN. Response of Asiatic ibex (Capra sibirica) under Climate Change Scenarios [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2020, 11(1): 27-37. |
[10] | WANG Zhao, WANG Junbang. Changes of Soil Erosion and Possible Impacts from Ecosystem Recovery in the Three-River Headwaters Region, Qinghai, China from 2000 to 2015 [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(5): 461-471. |
[11] | YANG Yihan,WANG Junbang,LIU Peng,LU Guangxin,LI Yingnian. Climatic Changes Dominant Interannual Trend in Net Primary Productivity of Alpine Vulnerable Ecosystems [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(4): 379-388. |
[12] | TAN Jingfang, WAN Jizhong, LUO Fangli, YU Feihai. Relationships between Genetic Diversity of Vascular Plant Species and Climate Factors [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2018, 9(6): 663-672. |
[13] | Salif Diop, Aliou Guisse, Claude Sene, Birane Cisse, Ndeye Rokhaya Diop, Sokhna Dié Ka, Amady Gnagna Cisse, Saly Sambou, Ousmane Ndiaye, Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, FU Chao, WANG Guoqin, WANG Yongdong. Combating Desertification and Improving Local Livelihoods through the GGWI in the Sahel Region: The Example of Senegal [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2018, 9(3): 257-265. |
[14] | DUAN Cheng, SHI Peili, ZHANG Xianzhou, ZONG Ning, CHAI Xi, GENG Shoubao, ZHU Wanrui. The Rangeland Livestock Carrying Capacity and Stocking Rate in the Kailash Sacred Landscape in China [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2017, 8(6): 551-558. |
[15] | LIU Fang, YAN Huimin, GU Fengxue, NIU Zhongen, HUANG Mei. Net Primary Productivity Increased on the Loess Plateau Following Implementation of the Grain to Green Program [J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2017, 8(4): 413-421. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||