Functional Transformation of Rural Homesteads: A Field Survey of Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, China

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2021.02.008

Abstract

Abstract:

The rural homestead is a major part of the rural land system, which is an important carrier of various rural issues such as rural decline, rural hollowing and others. Great changes have occurred in China's rural areas, while the rural homestead has also undergone transformation. Based on summarizing the multi-functional classification of homesteads from previous research, this study divided and defined the population bearing function, assets, and residential function of homesteads from the perspective of functional improvement according to the results of a survey questionnaire. Using Poyang County as the case study, this paper analyzed the functional transformation of rural homesteads through the model of coordinated transformation degree. The results demonstrated the following trends. (1) From 2000 to 2017, the transformation degrees of rural homestead functions in Poyang County have obviously improved overall. (2) The high value areas of the transformation degrees were mainly distributed in the northern hilly region and around Poyang Lake, while most of the low value areas were distributed in the plain areas near the county town. (3) In the regions with better location conditions and resource endowments, the basic conditions and trend of non-agriculturalization of the population, capital and other factors are more significant. According to the differentiation of rural homestead transformations which occurred in different regions, the government could put forward targeted development suggestions for the future.

Key words: rural homestead, functional transformation, coordinated transition model, Poyang County

TU Xiaosong, SUN Qiurong, XU Guoliang, WU Xiaofang. Functional Transformation of Rural Homesteads: A Field Survey of Poyang County, Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(2): 214-224.

Figures/Tables 8

References 27

1	Cao Q, Sarker M N I, Sun J Y . 2019. Model of the influencing factors of the withdrawal from rural homesteads in China: Application of grounded theory method. Land Use Policy, 85: 285‒289.
2	Chen Y, Li W F, Ren L Y , et al. 2014. Changes in the distribution of rural residential land on a coastal plain. Resources Science, 36(11): 2273‒2281. (in Chinese)
3	Feng Y B, Yang Q Y . 2015. A review of research on the rural homestead evolution process and its regulation. Resources Science, 37(3): 442‒448. (in Chinese)
4	Fu C . 2017. The evaluation of rural territorial functions: A case study of Henan, China. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 8(3): 242‒250. DOI URL
5	Gao X L, Jue J . 2013. Estimation of rural housing structure and its vulnerability in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 23(1): 179‒191. (in Chinese) DOI URL
6	Kong X S, Liu Y L, Jiang P , et al. 2018. A novel framework for rural homestead land transfer under collective ownership in China. Land Use Policy, 78: 138‒146.
7	Jiang G H, He X, Qu Y B , et al. 2016. Functional evolution of rural housing land: A comparative analysis across four typical areas representing different stages of industrialization in China. Land Use Policy, 57: 645‒654.
8	Li T T, Long H L . 2014. Rural development from viewpoints of transformation and coordination: A case in Shandong Province. Progress in Geography, 33(4): 531‒541.
	(in Chinese) Li Y R, Qiao L Y, Wang Q Y , et al. 2020. Towards the evaluation of rural livability in China: Theoretical framework and empirical case study. Habitat International, 105: 102241. DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102241.
9	Liu X Q, Bi R T, Gao Y . 2011. The analysis of spatial distribution and optimization on rural settlement in upland half a mountainous using GIS technology. Economic Geography, 31(5): 822‒826. (in Chinese)
10	Long H L, Li T T . 2012. The coupling characteristics and mechanism of farmland and rural housing land transition in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22(3): 548‒562. (in Chinese)
11	Lu M Q, Wei L Y, Ge D Z , et al. 2020. Spatial optimization of rural settlements based on the perspective of appropriateness-domination: A case of Xinyi City. Habitat International, 98:102148. DOI: 10.1016/j.habita tint.2020.102148.
12	Ma W Q, Jiang G H, Li W Q , et al. 2019. Multifunctionality assessment of the land use system in rural residential areas: Confronting land use supply with rural sustainability demand. Journal of Environmental Management, 23(1): 1‒73.
13	Peerzado M B, Magsi H, Sheikh M J . 2019. Land use conflicts and urban sprawl: Conversion of agriculture lands into urbanization in Hyderabad, Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18: 423‒428.
14	Qi Q, Xu X F, Yang C M , et al. 2020. Study on the mechanisms and modes of functional transformation of rural residential land under the background of rural revitalization: Case analysis of typical villages. China Land Science, 34(6): 84‒9. (in Chinese)
15	Qu L T . 2014. Ecological function analysis of agricultural land in Hunan Province based on mean square error and TOPSIS model. Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources, 31(5): 14‒20.
16	Sikorski D, Latocha A, Szmytkie R , et al. 2020. Functional changes in peripheral mountainous areas in east central Europe between 2004 and 2016 as an aspect of rural revival? Kłodzko County case study. Applied Geography, 122:102223. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102223.
17	Song X Q . 2017. Discussion on land use transition research framework. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72(3): 471‒487. (in Chinese)
18	Song Y H, Wang J L, Hao S M , et al. 2014. The Energy-related impacts of social factors of rural houses in southwest China. Energy Procedia, 57: 1555‒1564.
19	Su K C, Hu B Q, Shi K , et al. 2019. The structural and functional evolution of rural homesteads in mountainous areas: A case study of Sujiaying Village in Yunnan Province, China. Land Use Policy, 88:104100. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104100.
20	Sun W B, Luo Y Q, Zhou W J , et al. 2012. Parametric study on bearing capacity of CFST members considering the concrete horizontal casting effect. Steel and Composite Structures, 13(3): 259‒275.
21	Tian G, Liu J, Zhuang D . 2003. The temporal-spatial characteristics of rural residential land in china in the 1990s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 58(5): 651‒658. (in Chinese)
22	Wang W D, Guo J, Fang L G , et al. 2012. A subjective and objective integrated weighting method for landslides susceptibility mapping based on GIS. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65(6): 1705‒1714.
23	Wu Y Z, Mo Z B, Peng Y , et al. 2018. Market-driven land nationalization in China: A new system for the capitalization of rural homesteads. Land Use Policy, 70: 559‒569.
24	Xu H Z, Liu Y X . 2016. Policy implications and impact of household registration system on peasants’ willingness to return rural residential lands: Evidence from household survey in rural China. Panoeconomicus, 63(1):135-146.
25	Zhang B L, Zhang F R, Zhou J , et al. 2015. Functional evolution of rural settlement based on micro-perspective: A case study of Hetaoyuan Village in Yishui County, Shandong Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 35(10): 1272‒1279. (in Chinese)
26	Zhang K H, Song S F . 2003. Rural-urban migration and urbanization in China: Evidence from time-series and cross-section analyses. China Economic Review, 14: 386‒400.
27	Zhao Q L, Jiang G H, Ma W Q , et al. 2019. Social security or profitability? Understanding multifunction of rural housing land from farmers’ needs: Spatial differentiation and formation mechanism—Based on a survey of 613 typical farmers in Pinggu District. Land Use Policy, 86:91-103.

Primary index	Index description
Population capability function	A_1:Total number of households
	A_2:Number of permanent residents
	A_3:Number of households involved in work
	A_4:Total number of family support
	A_5:Comprehensive score of family education (Below primary school, 0; primary school, 5; junior high school, 15; senior high school, 20; college and above, 25)
Asset function	B_1:Total cost of building a house
	B_2:Floor area of the house
	B_3:Service life of the house
Residential function	C_1:Floor number and building structure (Civil, 5; brick wood, 10; brick concrete, 20; frame, 40)
	C_2:House interior floor, doors and windows, interior walls (Floor: soil, 5; concrete, 10; tile floor, 20; doors and windows: wood, 5; metal, 10; other, 20; interior wall: no or soil, 5; lime or imitation porcelain, 10; wall paint or other, 20)
	C_3:Availability of household tap water and flush toilets (Sanitary conditions: independent kitchen, 10; tap water, 10; flush toilet, 10; independent septic tank, 10)
	C_4:Home TV, network communication conditions (Wireless satellite, 5; cable analog, 10; cable digital, 15; network TV, 20)

Primary index	Index description
Population capability function	A_1:Total number of households
	A_2:Number of permanent residents
	A_3:Number of households involved in work
	A_4:Total number of family support
	A_5:Comprehensive score of family education (Below primary school, 0; primary school, 5; junior high school, 15; senior high school, 20; college and above, 25)
Asset function	B_1:Total cost of building a house
	B_2:Floor area of the house
	B_3:Service life of the house
Residential function	C_1:Floor number and building structure (Civil, 5; brick wood, 10; brick concrete, 20; frame, 40)
	C_2:House interior floor, doors and windows, interior walls (Floor: soil, 5; concrete, 10; tile floor, 20; doors and windows: wood, 5; metal, 10; other, 20; interior wall: no or soil, 5; lime or imitation porcelain, 10; wall paint or other, 20)
	C_3:Availability of household tap water and flush toilets (Sanitary conditions: independent kitchen, 10; tap water, 10; flush toilet, 10; independent septic tank, 10)
	C_4:Home TV, network communication conditions (Wireless satellite, 5; cable analog, 10; cable digital, 15; network TV, 20)

Transformation type	Variable	Index description
Population capability function	X₁	Changes in the total number of households
	X₂	Changes in the number of permanent residents
	X₃	Changes in the number of households involved in work
	X₄	Changes in the total number of family support
	X₅	Changes in comprehensive education level of family education
Asset function	X₆	Changes in all-in cost of building house
	X₇	Changes in housing construction area
	X₈	Changes in the service life of the house
Residential function	X₉	Changes in building structure and floor numbers
	X₁₀	Changes in indoor doors, windows, and other housing decoration
	X₁₁	Changes in the availability of household sanitary facilities such as tap water and flushing toilets
	X₁₂	Changes in information conditions such as television and network communications

Transformation type	Variable	Index description
Population capability function	X₁	Changes in the total number of households
	X₂	Changes in the number of permanent residents
	X₃	Changes in the number of households involved in work
	X₄	Changes in the total number of family support
	X₅	Changes in comprehensive education level of family education
Asset function	X₆	Changes in all-in cost of building house
	X₇	Changes in housing construction area
	X₈	Changes in the service life of the house
Residential function	X₉	Changes in building structure and floor numbers
	X₁₀	Changes in indoor doors, windows, and other housing decoration
	X₁₁	Changes in the availability of household sanitary facilities such as tap water and flushing toilets
	X₁₂	Changes in information conditions such as television and network communications

Criterion layer	Weight	Index layer	Weight
Population capability function	0.306	X₁	0.193
		X₂	0.196
		X₃	0.233
		X₄	0.197
		X₅	0.181
Asset function	0.317	X₆	0.389
		X₇	0.327
		X₈	0.284
Residential function	0.377	X₉	0.290
		X₁₀	0.215
		X₁₁	0.244
		X₁₂	0.251