Journal of Resources and Ecology ›› 2019, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1): 39-47.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.01.005
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ZHANG Hua, YU Miao, SUN Cuiyang, LIU Jiangang*()
Received:
2018-07-21
Accepted:
2018-09-30
Online:
2019-01-28
Published:
2019-01-28
Contact:
LIU Jiangang
Supported by:
ZHANG Hua,YU Miao,SUN Cuiyang,LIU Jiangang. Relationship of Ecological Well-being Performance and Sustainable Economic Development in Liaoning Province[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2019, 10(1): 39-47.
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URL: http://www.jorae.cn/EN/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2019.01.005
Category | Primary index | Secondary index | Tertiary index |
---|---|---|---|
Human development index (HDI) | Economy | Per capita income index | Per capita national income |
Education | Education development index | Average school education years Expected school education years | |
Health | Life expectancy index | Life expectancy of the birth population | |
Ecological footprint (EF) | Biological resource consumption | Cultivated land | Rice, wheat, corn, soybean, oils, beet, vegetable, cotton, tobacco |
Grassland | Meat, milk, eggs | ||
Woodland | Timber, fruit | ||
Water area | Aquatic product | ||
Energy consumption | Energy land | Raw coal, crude oil, natural gas | |
Construction land | Hydroelectric power |
Table 1 Evaluation system of ecological well-being performance index
Category | Primary index | Secondary index | Tertiary index |
---|---|---|---|
Human development index (HDI) | Economy | Per capita income index | Per capita national income |
Education | Education development index | Average school education years Expected school education years | |
Health | Life expectancy index | Life expectancy of the birth population | |
Ecological footprint (EF) | Biological resource consumption | Cultivated land | Rice, wheat, corn, soybean, oils, beet, vegetable, cotton, tobacco |
Grassland | Meat, milk, eggs | ||
Woodland | Timber, fruit | ||
Water area | Aquatic product | ||
Energy consumption | Energy land | Raw coal, crude oil, natural gas | |
Construction land | Hydroelectric power |
Trend types | Expression of change rate | Signification | Trend of sustainable development |
---|---|---|---|
A | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF < 0 | An increase in human well-being level combined with a decrease of ecological resource consumption is a high sustainable development trend. | Advanced sustainable development |
B | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF > 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}<\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is rising, and the ecological resource consumption is increasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing faster, and this is a medium sustainable development trend. | Medium sustainable development |
C | ∆HDI < 0; ∆EF< 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}<\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is decreasing, and the ecological resource consumption is also decreasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing slower, and this is a medium sustainable development trend. | |
D | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF > 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}>\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is rising, and the ecological resource consumption is increasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing slower, and this is an inferior sustainable development trend. | Inferior sustainable development |
E | ∆HDI < 0; ∆EF< 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}>\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is decreasing, and the ecological resource consumption is decreasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing faster., and this is an inferior sustainable development trend. | |
F | ∆HDI<0; ∆EF>0 | The decrease of human well-being level and the increase of ecological resource consumption show an unsustainable development trend. | Unsustainable development |
Table 2 The types of sustainable development trends
Trend types | Expression of change rate | Signification | Trend of sustainable development |
---|---|---|---|
A | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF < 0 | An increase in human well-being level combined with a decrease of ecological resource consumption is a high sustainable development trend. | Advanced sustainable development |
B | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF > 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}<\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is rising, and the ecological resource consumption is increasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing faster, and this is a medium sustainable development trend. | Medium sustainable development |
C | ∆HDI < 0; ∆EF< 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}<\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is decreasing, and the ecological resource consumption is also decreasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing slower, and this is a medium sustainable development trend. | |
D | ∆HDI > 0; ∆EF > 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}>\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is rising, and the ecological resource consumption is increasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing slower, and this is an inferior sustainable development trend. | Inferior sustainable development |
E | ∆HDI < 0; ∆EF< 0; \(\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{{{t}_{0}}}}}>\frac{\Delta HD{{I}_{({{t}_{0}}+\Delta t)}}}{\Delta E{{F}_{\text{(}{{t}_{\text{0}}}+\Delta t\text{)}}}}\) | The human well-being level is decreasing, and the ecological resource consumption is decreasing. However, compared with the initial time (2005), at this time, the ecological well-being performance is growing faster., and this is an inferior sustainable development trend. | |
F | ∆HDI<0; ∆EF>0 | The decrease of human well-being level and the increase of ecological resource consumption show an unsustainable development trend. | Unsustainable development |
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