资源与生态学报

资源与生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 247-252.DOI: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764X.2020.03.001

• •    下一篇

走向区域协同：协调草地生态功能与牧草生产服务

石培礼1,2, 张宪洲1,2,*()   

  1. 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,拉萨高原生态研究中心,北京 100101
    2. 中国科学院大学,资源与环境学院,北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-20 接受日期:2020-05-20 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 张宪洲

Towards Regional Synergy: Reconciling Rangeland Ecological Functioning with Forage Production of Cultivated Pasture

SHI Peili1,2, ZHANG Xianzhou1,2,*()   

  1. 1. Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2020-04-20 Accepted:2020-05-20 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-16
  • Contact: ZHANG Xianzhou
  • About author:SHI Peili, E-mail: shipl@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0502001)

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摘要：

畜牧业和种植业在西藏高原不同地区长期处于分离发展状态,这种分离的格局导致了土地利用强度加剧和草场与农田生态系统的退化。农牧结合可通过行业间生态位互补提高粮食和饲料生产力,并有效提升复合生态系统的弹性,因此,通过协调畜牧业和饲料作物生产,走向区域协同成为农牧业发展和退化生态系统恢复的综合解决途径。通过区域耦合,协调专业化畜牧业和集约化农业,是解决放牧系统牧草不足和畜牧业生产瓶颈的有效办法。目前,要实现农牧业发展的区域协同,还必须从局域农场向区域层面推进。为此,从2016年起,国家重点研发计划项目“青藏高原退化高寒生态系统恢复与重建与技术示范”开始实施,旨在通过建立生产和生态功能相协调的草牧业技术体系,协调生态-草-牧关系,实现遏制草地退化和转变畜牧业发展方式的双赢目标。面对青藏高原草地退化的严峻威胁,迫切需要通过生态功能与生产功能相协调的方式实现区域协同。本专辑组织发表草地生态和管理的相关论文,以期促进高寒生态系统的管理和可持续利用。

关键词: 西藏高原, 生态系统恢复与重建, 农牧结合, 区域协同, 生态功能与生产功能协调

Abstract:

Animal husbandry and crop farming are specialized for development in separate areas on the Tibetan Plateau. Such a pattern of isolation has led to current concerns of rangeland and farming system degradation due to intensive land use. The crop-livestock integration, however, has been proven to increase food and feed productivity thorough niche complementarity, and is thereby especially effective for promoting ecosystem resilience. Regional synergy has emerged as an integrated approach to reconcile rangeland livestock with forage crop production. It moves beyond the specialized sectors of animal husbandry and intensive agriculture to coordinate them through regional coupling. Therefore, crop-livestock integration (CLI) has been suggested as one of the effective solutions to forage deficit and livestock production in grazing systems. But it is imperative that CLI moves forward from the farm level to the regional scale, in order to secure regional synergism during agro-pastoral development. The national key R & D program, Technology and Demonstration of Recovery and Restoration of Degraded Alpine Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau, aims to solve the problems of alpine grassland degradation by building up a grass-based animal husbandry technology system that includes synergizing forage production and ecological functioning, reconciling the relationship between ecology, forage production and animal husbandry, and achieving the win-win goals of curbing grassland degradation and changing the development mode of animal husbandry. It is imperative to call for regional synergy through integrating ecological functioning with ecosystem services, given the alarming threat of rangeland degradation on the Tibetan Plateau. The series of papers in this issue, together with those published previously, provide a collection of rangeland ecology and management studies in an effort to ensure the sustainable use and management of the alpine ecosystems.

Key words: Tibet Plateau, ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, crop-livestock integration, regional synergy, reconciling rangeland functioning with forage production