资源与生态学报

资源与生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (4): 345-.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2010.04.007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北典型黑土区流域水沙关系季节动态特征及原因分析

李润奎1,2，朱阿兴1,3，宋现锋2，崔 明4   

  1. 1 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101；
    2 中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049；
    3 威斯康星大学（麦迪逊）地理系，威斯康星州，WI 53706，美国;
    4 中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所，北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-30 修回日期:2010-10-29 出版日期:2010-12-30 发布日期:2010-12-30

Seasonal Dynamics of Runoff-Sediment Relationship and Its Controlling Factors in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

LI Runkui1,2*, ZHU A-Xing1,3, SONG Xianfeng2 and CUI Ming4   

  1. 1 State Key Lab. of Resources & Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;
    2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
    4 Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
  • Received:2010-08-30 Revised:2010-10-29 Online:2010-12-30 Published:2010-12-30
  • Contact: LI Runkui

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摘要： 以位于东北典型黑土区的黑龙江省乌裕尔河流域中上游为研究区，利用依安站31年的日水沙观测资料，对流域水沙的季节性动态特征进行了分析，对影响水沙关系的自然及人为因素进行了探讨。观测数据表明，7–9月的径流量占全年的64.7%，对本区的产流起主导作用；径流平均含沙量在4月融雪期和6月底到7月中旬明显高于其他时段，含沙量的季节变化与径流的变化明显不同。为描述各影响因素对含沙量变化的贡献，本文通过将含沙量的季节变化与其影响因素的变化进行关联，提出了一种从多因素联合影响中分离出单因素影响的思路，分析表明：冻融作用对裸地的径流含沙量影响剧烈，明显增加土壤侵蚀；在地表有无植被及耕作措施情况下，降雨侵蚀力的增加都将增加径流含沙量；植被的出现可以削弱降雨侵蚀力增大时的增沙效应，但7月降雨侵蚀力的增沙作用超过了作物覆盖的减沙作用。所提方法可方便地用于缺少对比观测实验地区的土地利用和管理措施水保效用评价。

关键词: 典型黑土区；, 水沙关系；, 季节性；, 产沙影响因素

Abstract: Seasonal runoff-sediment dynamics and its controlling factors were studied in an agricultural watershed in the black soil region of Northeast China. Daily sediment and discharge data from 1957 to 1989 (except for 1961 and 1962) was used to investigate runoff-sediment dynamics, and the observed data shows that the discharge patterns are dominated by runoff from July to September, which accounted for about 64.7% of annual discharge; fluctuations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) are markedly different from discharge fluctuations; and SSC in the snowmelt season (April) and late June to July is conspicuously higher than at other periods of the year. One concept was proposed to isolate the individual effect of each controlling factor on SSC from their joint effects and the preliminary analysis shows that: (1) high SSC in April is mainly dominated by freeze-thaw, and high SSC in July is dominated by intensive rainfall erosivity rather than volume of discharge; (2) an increase in rainfall erosivity increases SSC whether or not a field is covered by crops; (3) the effect of rainfall erosivity with increasing SSC in July is larger than the reduction effect from crop cover. The results reveal that the concept of isolating an individual effect from the joint effect played by multiple controlling factors on SSC provides potentially an efficient and effective way for evaluating land use and management practices in a new area with limited data.

Key words: controlling factors of sediment yield, black soil region, runoff-sediment relationship, seasonal dynamics